We regularly talk about the #peacecongress of #Westphalia, but we challenge ourselves to find new angles: so do you know what the #PeaceOfWestphalia has to do with #earlymodern #libraries? Here you can find out: https://hcommons.social/@emdiplomacy/115429418733623573
#PeaceOfWestphalia
TODAY IN HISTORY: October 24, 1648 – The Peace of Westphalia Was Signed
The end of Europe’s Thirty Years’ War redrew its map — and its mind.
From war came freedom: the right to think without permission. 🕊️📜
#Brewminate #History #PeaceOfWestphalia #OnThisDay #FreedomOfThought
What has all this to do with the Peace of Westphalia?
The peace treaties contain provisions on the restitution of war booty such as archive materials and movable property (Art. 16,15 Instrumentum Pacis Osnabrugensis). As libraries were movable property, they therefore actually should have been restored and left back to their former owners.
This did hardly ever happen. Due to their very high social and cultural capital, looted books and libraries remained (despite all protests) with their new owners and part of new collections. The Codex Argenteus is still part of the holdings of Uppsala University Library. (5/5)
https://www.uu.se/en/library/visit-and-contact/exhibitions/codex-argenteus
#History #PeaceOfWestphalia #libraries #TagDerBibliotheken #histodons #librarians #BookHistory #earlyModern
Today, on 24 October, is German Library Day. On this day, 377 years ago, the Westphalian peace treaties were signed which ended the Thirty Years' War.
On the one hand, this is just a coincidence in dates. The Germany’s national Library Day commemorates the foundation of the first German public library in Hayn (Saxony) in 1829.
On the other hand, the Westphalian peace treaties were also relevant for early modern libraries. (1/5)
#OTD #PeaceOfWestphalia #1648 #Libraries #Bibliothek #TagDerBibliotheken #History #histodons #ThirtyYearsWar #earlyModern #librarians #BookHistory
The Peace of Westphalia, the name given to the multiple treaties, marked the conclusion of the Thirty Years' War. #History #ThirtyYears'War #PeaceOfWestphalia #HolyRomanEmpire #HistoryFact https://whe.to/ci/1-20984-en/
@histodons @earlymodern @historikerinnen
If you want to know more about how the signing of the #PeaceOfWestphalia was celebrated in Münster and Osnabrück in 1648, you can have a look at our thread from last year: (4/4)
https://h-net.social/@emdiplomacy/111296177978178906
@histodons @earlymodern @historikerinnen
This leads to the question: Why do we focus so much on anniversaries when we remember events in history? Last year their were lots of events surrounding the 375 jubilee of the #PeaceOfWestphalia. This year there are various new publications in anticipation of the 500th anniversary of the Peasants' War next year.
Historians use this (2/4)
#OnThisDay: On the 24th October 1648 the Westphalian Peace Treaties between the Holy Roman Empire and Sweden and France respectively were signed.
As it is the 376 anniversary of the event you might see some posts and articles explaining the importance of the #WestphalianPeace, but propably not as many as last year, as last we celebrated a milestone anniversary. (1/4)
@histodons @earlymodern @historikerinnen #PeaceOfWestphalia #WestfälischerFrieden #earlymodern #history
The main change with regard to views of and practices of #diplomacy occurred with the #FrenchRevolution. According to Waquet this had been much more a landmark than the often proclaimed #PeaceOfWestphalia. (5/6)
I have written an debate article (in Swedish) on why the #PeaceOfWestphalia no longer has a place in #Swedish #historiography. Published in Scandia 89:2 (2023), 151-164.
#histodons #history #HistoricalPeaceResearch @histodon @historikerinnen
#TerritorialDispute morphing into #ReligiousDispute, like #Arabism-#Zionism ➡️ https://mastodon.social/@rameshgupta/111517875591688878
is not new
Next year will mark 400 years since #NormalYear in #PeaceOfWestphalia — ALL conflicts that gave rise to #ThirtyYearsWar were resolved
It ushered in #religiousTolerance & #secularization in #Europe
#Catholics & #Protestants (#Calvinists, #Lutherans) accepted each other & rejected #forcedConversion
Expect reprise of 30yr War if #Trump is reelected next year ➡️ https://mastodon.social/@rameshgupta/111446174021361216
The only one apparently not pleased about the conclusion of the #PeaceOfWestphalia was ultra-Catholic Cologne principal #envoy Wartenberg, who locked himself in his quarters & demonstratively displayed his displeasure. Despite the conclusion of the #WestphalianPeaceTreaty is generally considered to mark the end of the #ThirtyYearsWar, the #WestphalianPeaceCongress continued into 1649. The peace had no legal validity until it was ratified, nor was it a reality until it was implemented. 5/5
A procession consisting of a kettledrum player and 6 to 8 trumpeters as well as the town secretary, followed by three horsemen, paraded through the squares and streets of the town, publicly announcing the conclusion of the #PeaceOfWestphalia. The secretary showed the #WestphalianPeaceTreaty in public - this was as necessary as the announcement to make the abstraction of peace vivid and concrete and thus comprehensible. 3/5
#emdiplomacy
During the services, three companies of citizens with rifles stood in the cathedral square and three armed companies of soldiers stood in the market place. - This both shows the solemnity of the occasion, but also the need to guarantee public order. After the service, the city's mayors and councillors went to the flag-draped town hall to prepare for the public proclamation of the #PeaceOfWestphalia. Like the town hall, other buildings in the city were decorated. 2/5
#emdiplomacy
#OTD 25 October 1648 the solemn publication of the #PeaceOfWestphalia took place in Münster & Osnabrück. #emdiplomacySources inform us in particular about the events in Münster, where the #WestphalianPeaceTreaty had been signed the day before: The day began with thanksgiving services of all denominations. Catholic #envoys gathered in the cathedral church, Lutheran #diplomats met at the Swedish envoys. Reformed envoys held their service in Brandenburg envoy Wittgenstein's house. 1/5 #emdiplomacy
#EmdiplomacysSources show what a lengthy act peace signing was. We commemorate the conclusion of the #PeaceOfWestphalia #OTD, but contemporaries were absolutely not sure when this treaty could be signed. Therefore, the conclusion of peace was ultimately a great surprise for them. 8/8
Between 8 and 10 o'clock, the Münster City Council had already fired salvos from 70 cannons to mark the successful conclusion of the #PeaceOfWestphalia. The solemn publication of the concluded peace took place on 25 October 1648 (APW II A 10, N. 68). 7/8
#emdiplomacy
Talking about the #PeaceOfWestphalia most people think of the treaties signed by French, Swedish & Imperial envoys on 24 October 1648. However, a third treaty between Spain & the Seven United Provinces of the Netherlands was agreed upon on 30 January 1648 & ratified #otd 15 May 1648.
The most popular paintings depicting #Westphalia do actually not show the October-event. Gerard ter Boch painted the act of ratification of the Spanish-Dutch treaty on 15 May 1648.
@histodons @historikerinnen
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