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This is equally true in the #biotic environment (the “#biosphere”), consisting of microorganisms, plants, animals, and the human body; in #abiotic (lifeless) environments, such as the #geosphere, the #lithosphere, the #hydrosphere, and the #atmosphere; and in the entire #ecosphere, comprising ecosystems composed of biotic and abiotic elements in complex interrelationships. Such ecosystems, large and small, for all their components, also interact in intricate mutual relationships.



