4.) Is there currently any evidence of efficacy of any of the proposed "#anti-aging drugs" and interventions in human aging? E.g. #rapamycin, #metformin #resveratrol but also #reprogramming, #rejuvenation, #caloric restriction and others? In other words, is there a shortcut to health and eternal life? Spoiler: you might not like the answer... Moreover, some of these might even have negative effects on other health-beneficial interventions, e.g. the potential dampening of exercise training adaptation by metformin, resveratrol or rapamycin.
5.) We discuss all of the known factors for which solid data and proof for an impact on human health, the aging process, #morbidity (risk for a disease), #mortality (risk of premature death) and life expectancy exist. The good news: only around 20% (or even as low as 10%) of our aging trajectory is determined by our genes – this means that to a large majority, we can influence this ourselves! Some can be done on the individual level, first and foremost by physical activity, but also #sleep, #nutrition, #stress, social interactions and more. Others will have to be addressed on the societal/political level, e.g. #socioeconomic disparities or access to quality (and affordable) health care. Lastly, there are factors such as anthropogenic #climatechange or #pollution (e.g. air pollution or #microplastics) that we have to solve on a global scale.
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