Progressive #Adaptation of Subtype #H6N1 Avian #Influenza Virus in #Taiwan Enhances #Mammalian #Infectivity, Pathogenicity, and #Transmissibility, https://etidiohnew.blogspot.com/2025/05/progressive-adaptation-of-subtype-h6n1.html

{#USA, #Nevada} The Occurrence of Another Highly Pathogenic Avian #Influenza (HPAI) #Spillover from Wild #Birds into Dairy #Cattle, https://etidiohnew.blogspot.com/2025/02/usa-nevada-occurrence-of-another-highly.html

Analysis of hemagglutinin gene of Nevada dairy cattle viruses did not identify changes predicted to impact #infectivity or #adaptation to mammalian hosts. However, a change of #PB2 D701N commonly associated with mammalian adaptation of HPAI virus was identified in viruses sequenced from four separate dairy cattle.

''Compared to the Svalbard avian index case, #PB2 #segment of the walrus sequence contained only 2 aa #substitutions, including #E627K mutation, which is known to enhance #infectivity in #mammals. Interestingly, all avian HPAIV H5N5 from Norway, as well as the walrus sequence, have a set of 6 aa in PB2 that have been reported to favour infection of mammals [Citation11].''

Dual #receptor-binding, #infectivity, and #transmissibility of an emerging #H2N2 low pathogenicity avian #influenza virus

Source: Nature Communications, AbstractThe 1957 H2N2 influenza pandemic virus has disappeared from humans since 1968, while H2N2 avian influenza viruses (AIVs) are still circulating in birds. It is necessary to reveal the recurrence risk and potential cross-species infection of these AIVs from avian to mammals. We find that H2 AIVs circulating in…

https://etidioh.wordpress.com/2024/11/20/dual-receptor-binding-infectivity-and-transmissibility-of-an-emerging-h2n2-low-pathogenicity-avian-influenza-virus/

#Infectivity and #persistence of #influenza viruses in raw #milk

Source: MedRxIV, AbstractInfluenza A viruses present a significant public health risk, with recent outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 in dairy cattle raising concerns about potential transmission through raw milk consumption. This study investigated the persistence of influenza A virus PR8 (IAV PR8) in raw cow milk at 4 °C. We found that IAV PR8…

https://etidioh.wordpress.com/2024/10/15/infectivity-and-persistence-of-influenza-viruses-in-raw-milk/

New rapid method for determining #virus #infectivity.

https://phys.org/news/2024-07-rapid-method-virus-infectivity.html

Structural #determinants of #spike #infectivity in #bat #SARS-like #coronaviruses RsSHC014 and WIV1, J Virol.: https://journals.asm.org/doi/full/10.1128/jvi.00342-24?af=R

Through #mutagenesis and cryo-EM analysis, we revealed that besides the structural variations, the 623 site in the SD2 region is another important structural determinant of spike infectivity.

#Virological characteristics of the #SarsCoV2 #KP3, #LB1 and #KP23 #variants, BioRxIV, https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.05.597664v1?rss=1

Our results suggest that S #substitutions convergently acquired in #JN1 #subvariants contribute to immune evasion, & increase their Re when compared to parental JN.1. LB.1 & KP.2.3 exhibited higher pseudovirus #infectivity & more immune resistance than KP.2. Data suggest that S:S31del is critical to exhibit +infectivity, +immune evasion, & potentially contributes to increased Re.

#Pasteurisation #temperatures effectively inactivate #influenza A viruses in #milk, MedRxIV, https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.30.24308212v1

At pasteurisation temperatures, viral #infectivity was rapidly lost and became undetectable before times recommended for pasteurisation. We then showed that an #H5N1 #HPAIV in milk was effectively inactivated by a comparable treatment, even though its #genetic #material remained detectable.

#Cow’s #Milk Containing Avian #Influenza A(#H5N1) Virus — #Heat #Inactivation and #Infectivity in Mice, N Engl J Med.: https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMc2405495?query=RP&cid=NEJM%20Recently%20Published,%20May%2024%20(2),%202024%20DM2342123_NEJM_Non_Subscriber&bid=-1978672809

The cow viruses form a single clade encompassing many smaller clades of viruses isolated from cats, raccoons, chickens, and wild birds. The phylogeny is consistent with a single introduction into cows.

Characteristics of #JN1-derived #SarsCoV2 #subvariants #SLip, #FLiRT, and #KP2 in neutralization #escape, #infectivity and membrane #fusion http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.05.20.595020v1?rss=1

Interestingly, #antibodies in #XBB15 monovalent vaccinated hamster sera robustly neutralized FLiRT and KP.2 but had reduced efficiency for SLip.

#Omicron #Spike confers enhanced #infectivity and #interferon #resistance to #SARS-CoV-2 in #human nasal tissue https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-024-45075-8

#Antigenicity and #infectivity characterisation of #SARS-CoV-2 #BA286, Lancet Infect Dis.: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(23)00573-X #research #science #covid19

#Transmissibility, #infectivity, and immune #evasion of the #SARS-CoV-2 #BA286 #variant, Lancet Infect Dis.: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(23)00575-3 #research #science #VOIs #immunity #antibodies

#Genome #sequence analysis of #H7N3 subtype #avian #influenza virus originated from #wildbirds and its potential #infectivity in mice https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36735176/?utm_source=Feedly&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=None&utm_content=1LGAx__djGAJ9poBzWGqPtjEbBDtz4ipSRRPUplmgHEyyF_Ihj&fc=None&ff=20230203140818&v=2.17.9.post6+86293ac

[Correspondence] Enhanced #transmissibility, #infectivity, and immune #resistance of the #SARS-CoV-2 #omicron #XBB15 variant https://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/article/PIIS1473-3099(23)00051-8/fulltext?rss=yes