Lmst

#vulcanism

🌋 Water stored in the mantle for millions of years may be linked to continental volcanism

https://phys.org/news/2025-03-mantle-millions-years-linked-continental.html

#vulcanism #earthscience #geology #volcanos #science

#Rewilding #Iceland #Forest and #Vulcanism

"A Volcanic Eruption is Reforesting Iceland - here’s how" [10:29 min]
by Mossy Earth
previous video:
-> We’re Bringing Back Iceland’s Forgotten Forests <- [10:56 min]
-> youtube.com/watch?v=K-r2EetCtO0 <-

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=89ALrtLpQls

Quote by ME:
"Sep 14, 2022
In this video, we want to tell you a really unique story of how an eruption and a mysterious phenomenon known as a mast year were perfectly timed together to create a new forest in Iceland."
become a member: -> mossy.earth/ <-
🧐 ABOUT THIS VIDEO
This summer we started planting trees in Iceland. But what does an Icelandic forest look like? This set us on course to Bæjarstaðaskógur, the closest thing you can get to an ancient Icelandic forest.
Some quick research and a chat with our Icelandic partners, Skógræktin, uncovered a fascinating tale. It was the story of how an eruption and a mysterious phenomenon known as a Mast year synced together perfectly to create a huge area of new-growth forest, on the glacial outwash plains in the south of Iceland.
Read more about it here: -> mossy.earth/projects/reforesting-iceland <-

Tima stamps
0:00 Intro
1:06 History
2:11 Hike to forest
5:17 How a volcano made a forest

#TakeCareForLife #TakeCareForEarth
#StopBurningThings #StopEcoside #StopThePlunder
#ClimateBreakDown #StopRapingNature

Escalation Of Caldera Unrest Indicated By Increasing Emission Of Isotopically Light Sulfur
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https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-024-01632-w <-- shared paper
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#GIS #spatial #mapping #geology #structuralgeology #volcano #vulcanism #caldera #numerical #model #modeling #eruption #risk #hazard #seismicity #deformation #gases #engineeringgeology #physicochemical #monitoring #CampiFlegrei #Italy #sulfur #fumaroles #hydrothermal #magma #dataanalysis #global

charts - chronogram of Campi Flegrei fumarole Solfatara, Italy compositional evolution from 1982 to 2023

diagram - Diagram of major species’ composition for CF fumaroles

schematic/cross-section - Campi Flegrei fumarole plumbing system, Solfatara, Italy

Large Magma Bodies Found Beneath Dormant Volcanoes, Surprising Scientists
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https://phys.org/news/2025-01-large-magma-bodies-beneath-dormant.html <-- shared technical article
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https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-024-01630-y <-- shared paper
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#GIS #spatial #mapping #remotesensing #seismology #seismic #teleseismic #magma #volcano #vulcanism #geophysics #geophysical #geology #structuralgeology #crust #hotspot #PNW #PacificNorthwest #MountRainer #MountSaintHelens #eruption #dormant #Cascades #CascadeRange #spatialanalysis #spatiotemporal #MountHood #ThreeSisters #Oregon #Washington #California #NewberryVolcano #CraterLake #MountShasta #LassenPeak #partialmelt #model #modeling #seismicity #earthquake #risk #hazard #active #threat #monitoring #engineeringgeology #EarlyWarningSystem

photo - An ash plume billows from the crater atop Mount St. Helens hours after its eruption began on May 18th, 1980, in Washington State. The column of ash and gas reached 15 miles into the atmosphere, depositing ash across a dozen states

photo - Mount Rainier, a snowcapped volcano, looms over Puyallup Valley near Orting, Washington. The prospect of a lahar — a swiftly moving debris flow caused by melting snow and ice typically during a volcanic eruption — poses a threat to surrounding communities.

maps/charts - Back-projected P–S conversions with phase polarities and geographical location determination of the Vs reduction bodies

cross sections - Possibilities of partial melts beneath each volcano

[SWARM] Satellites Detect Hidden Magnetic Signals In Earth's Oceans
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https://www.earth.com/news/satellites-detect-hidden-magnetic-signals-in-earths-oceans/ <-- shared technical article
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https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2024.0078 <-- shared paper
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https://www.esa.int/Applications/Observing_the_Earth/FutureEO/Swarm <-- shared ESA SWARM home page
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#GIS #spatial #mapping #remotesensing #ESA #SWARM #earthobservation #geomagnetism #magnetism #earth #global #magnetic #ocean #marine #tide #tidal #tidalinfluence #monitoring #spatialanalysis #spatiotemporal #model #modeling #magma #crustal #geology #structuralgeology #crust #plate #geophysics #geophysical #vulcanism

global maps - Standard deviation (in nT) maps calculated from the model covariance matrix 𝐂𝜏 for each tidal constituent and propagated to the radial magnetic field at 430 km altitude.

schematic - ocean, crust, magnetic field lines

global maps - Maps of the real and imaginary parts of the observed, 𝐵𝑟obs, as given by the GFO24-HR model, and numerically simulated, 𝐵𝑟DNS, ocean tidal radial magnetic fields owing to the semi-diurnal 𝑀2 and 𝑁2 tidal constituents. Fields are given at the altitude of 430 km. Red rectangles highlight the regions discussed in detail in the text.

global maps - Same as similar other figure, but for the diurnal 𝑂1 and 𝑄1 tidal constituents.

Every monday. Eight standard units of logic. And don't you dare sharing it with Chakotay. Your logic. It is mine. Now. #logic #vulcanism

Star Trek Voyager screengrab: Janeway, states plainly, per closed captions: "From now on... bring your logic to me."

A Seismic Precursor 15 Min Before The Giant Eruption Of Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai Volcano On 15 January 2022
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https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GL111144 <-- shared paper
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"KEY POINTS:
• The volcano generated Rayleigh waves about 15 min before the giant eruption with no apparent surface activity
• These waves dominated in 0.03–0.1 Hz with amplitudes comparable to the amplitude of M4.9
• Seismic stations 750 km from the volcano and appropriate data analyses allowed [them] to capture precursors of the catastrophic eruption..."
#geology #seismology #tonga #volcano #eruption #vulcanism #HungaTonga #RayleighWave #earthquake #precursor #remotesensing #imagery #satellite #HTHH #model #modeling #spatialanalysis #spatiotemporal #caldera #seismicstation #monitoring #naturalhazard #naturaldisaster #risk #hazard #engineeringgeology

$geology cross sections / schematics - Schematic cross-section of the HTHH before the January 15 eruption (Alvarez & Camacho, 2023) (a), the eruption onset shortly after 4:00 (b), and the climactic phase starting around 04:15 (c). A scenario from the precursor to the eruption consists of high-pressure magma beneath some parts of the circular weak zone (d), tensile fracture generating the precursor around 03:45 (e), penetration of magma, magmatic gas, and seawater into the fracture (f), and magma-water interaction triggering the eruption (g).$

map and chart - (a) A map (Google Earth) of the seismic stations (MSVF and FUTU) about 750 km from the HTHH. The yellow lines are the azimuth range of the Rayleigh wave arrivals at each station (See Section 3). The azimuths,
, defined clockwise from the north, are estimated in a 64-s-long time window shifted every 4 s in 03:47:29–03:52:29 on 15 January 2022. The right panels show the results at MSVF (b) and FUTU (c) as functions of the product of vertical-to-north and vertical-to-east cross-correlation coefficients, representing the prominence of the Rayleigh wave in data. Red data points with good correlation (
0.83) are used for drawing the yellow lines in panel (a). The horizontal red dotted lines are the geographical directions from the stations to HTHH.

photos - sequences - eruption of Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai Volcano, Tonga, 2022

charts - (a) The RMS of vertical velocity components in 0.04–0.08 Hz,
, observed at MSVF (blue) and FUTU (orange). The vertical-to-horizontal cross correlation coefficients are displayed in panels (b–e) by colors: (b)
and (c)
at MSVF, (d)
and (e)
at FUTU. The common horizontal axes are the time of January 15, from 02:30 to 04:45. All functions are calculated in 64-s-long windows, and the values are displayed at the windows' central time. The vertical axes in panels (b–e) are the time delay,
, of
relative to the horizontal components. The red vertical reference lines are at 03:49:20, 04:04:46, and 04:17:48, respectively. The orange arrows indicate the prominent Rayleigh wave pattern. (f–g) The transients of the Rayleigh wave power estimated in 0.07–0.09 Hz using
at MSVF (blue) and
at FUTU (orange) for the precursor (f) and the M5.8 earthquake (g). The times of the peaks and troughs of the transients, labeled by the circled numbers, are shown. The time differences are ①36 s, ②32 s, ③23 s in panel (f) and ①29 s, ②32 s, ③30 s in panel (g).

Mysterious 165-Million-Year-Old Minerals Found On Easter Island Defy Plate Tectonics
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https://scitechdaily.com/mysterious-165-million-year-old-minerals-found-on-easter-island-defy-plate-tectonics/ <-- shared technical article
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https://doi.org/10.22541/au.170129661.17646127/v1 <-- shared paper
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#GIS #spatial #mapping #geology #structuralgeology #platetectonics #EasterIsland #RapaNui #oceanic #plate #volcanic #vulcanism #mineralogy #magma #dating #timing #plume #RingOfFire #mantle #mechanics #model #modeling

schematic / cross-section - mantle plume mechanics underneath Easter Island / Rapa Nui

Geological map of Easter Island (Rapa Nui) - integrating previous data of Vezzoli and Acocella (2009) and Gioncada et al. (2010), and showing sampling sites (IP) of this study. Notice that information regarding the three main polygenetic volcanoes (Poike, Rano Kau, and Terevaka) is separated from data related to small-volume monogenetic vents.

aerial images - Google Earth images and photos of sample locations IP-1, IP-2, IP-3, and IP-5 (see the geological map on Fig. 2 for sample locations). a) Google Earth image of Anakena Beach, b) Photo of Anakena Beach, c) Google Earth image of Ovahe Beach, d) Photo of Ovahe Beach, e) Google Earth image of Vaihu (left) and Palmeras de Otongariki (right), f) Photo of Vaihu Beach, g) Google Earth image of clift southeast of Poike volcano, h) photo from red soil on the clift (150 m) southeast of Poike volcano

photo - Easter Island statues on the foreshore, volcanics in evidence, Rapa Nui

Scientists Unveil Mysterious Origins Of Earth’s Largest Igneous Rocks
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https://scitechdaily.com/scientists-unveil-mysterious-origins-of-earths-largest-igneous-rocks/ <-- shared technical article
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https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adn3976 <-- shared paper
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#GIS #spatial #mapping #spatialanalysis #spatiotemporal #geology #structuralgeology #earth #global #igneous #vulcanism #massif #anorthosite #origin #formation #morphology #platetectonics #subduction #crust #mantle #Grenvilleorogen #orogeny #geochemistry #mineralogy #magma #oceaniccrust #model #modeling #petrogensis

schematic / cross-section - Proposed model for the formation of the Marcy and Morin massif-type anorthosites.

charts - Marcy and Morin Nd-Sr-O systematics compared to Magma Chamber Simulator model results.

charts - Boron isotope systematics of the Marcy and Morin anorthosites

photo and think-section images - Anorthosites and leucogabbros in outcrop and thin section.

Earth Only Has Six Continents, Not Seven, As We've All Been Taught [well, seven/eight with Zealandia!]
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https://www.earth.com/news/claim-earth-has-six-continents-not-seven-north-america-europe-connected/ <-- shared technical article
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https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2024.05.001 <-- shared paper
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#GIS #spatial #mapping #geology #structuralgeology #earth #continents #geography #tectonics #platetectonics #NorthAmerica #Eurasia #volcanic #vulcanism #iceland #greenland #midatlanticridge #tectonicboundary #GreenlandIcelandFaroesRidge #ROMP #geologichistory

photo - columnar basalt formations on the coastline of Arnarstapi, Snæfellsjökull National Park, Iceland

annotated map / geologic cross-sections - seismic reflection interpretations along the West Greenland margin.

annotated map - bathymetry map of the Northwest Atlantic

maps / models - Schematic diagram of key events in the Labrador Sea, Baffin Bay, and Davis Strait. Key events are summarised

Remote Tristan da Cunha [NASA Earth Observatory]
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https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/152936/remote-tristan-da-cunha <-- link to NASA blog post
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tristan_da_Cunha <-- wiki page
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#GIS #spatial #mapping #remotesensing #earthobservation #TristandaCunha #remote #island #SouthAtlanticOcean #NASA #OLI2 #Landsat9 #volcanic #vulcanism #geology #hotspot #ecosystems #kelp #offshore #coast #coastline
@nasa

aerial photo - Tristan da Cunha volcano, Queen Mary’s Peak

Landsat 9 satellite view - Tristan da Cunha

aerial view, Edinburgh of The Seven Seas (town), Tristan da Cunha

Landsat 9 satellite view - Tristan da Cunha and surrounding islands, South Atlantic Ocean

Эти фотографии с извержения вулкана на исландском полуострове Рейкьянес выглядят как кадры из фантастического фильма
#vulcanism #vulcan #вулкан #вулканы #извержениевулкана #art #photo

Wicked smart scientists calculate how long volcanoes on Jupiter moon Io have been active. Measure relative abundance of 2 sulphur isotopes belched into the atmosphere then reprocessed as crust — bias toward heavy sulphur. Compare ratio to early solar system meteorites. https://www.science.org/content/podcast/very-volcanic-moon-and-better-protections-human-study-subjects
#Science #Vulcanism #Jupiter

Cenozoic Exhumation Across The High Plains Of Southeastern Colorado From (U-Th)/He Thermochronology
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https://doi.org/10.2113/2023/lithosphere_2023_310 <-- shared paper
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[as a geologist and an adventure rider – and a Colorado resident that loves history - I have travelled all over this area; first photo is mine, my motorcycle under the Apishapa Arch in Aguilar, Colorado, a 1930s Civilian Conservation Corps project through a volcanic dyke, ‘coincidentally’ providing better access to land that a senator had purchased up around Cuchara and Cordova Passes]
#GIS #spatial #mapping #geology #Colorado #structuralgeology #Cenozoic #Thermochronology #model #modeling #3dmodeling #HighPlains #RockyMountains #Tertiary #intrusives #volcanics #vulcanism #SpanishPeaks #ApishapaArch #dates #dating #erosions #peneplanation #dikes #dykes

Schematic [geologic] cross-section of Cenozoic exhumation in the High Plains from the Spanish Peaks (A - west) to Two Buttes (A’ - east).

Geologic map of the Spanish Peaks-Two Buttes study area with sample locations marked.

The ~24 Ma Spanish Peaks intrusions now stand over 2 km above their surroundings.

[as a geologist and an adventure rider – and a Colorado resident that loves history - I have travelled all over this area; this photo is mine, my motorcycle under the Apishapa Arch in Aguilar, Colorado, a 1930s Civilian Conservation Corps project through a volcanic dyke, ‘coincidentally’ providing better access to land that a senator had purchased up around Cuchara and Cordova Passes]

I watched "Hidden Volcano Abyss" on SBS last night an it was both good and terrible. It bought some nice detail about the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai eruption but they kept saying "why did X occur, scientists have no idea". In each case I was correctly able to state the reason immediately the question was posed just from my general knowledge of geological and volcanic processes. Eventually they worked around to those same answers while trying to make them out as theories of their pet volcanologist rather than standard knowledge. And while it is true that there is no orthodox way of telling whether any particular eruption will result in a caldera collapse the fact of caldera collapses and phreatic eruptions are both well established. And what even does a "drained magma chamber" mean in the context of 5 kilometers of overlaid rock strata? It certainly isn't the empty cavern that the narrator seemed to be envisaging.
Interestingly they went straight from this eruption back to Santorini. All the eyewitness accounts and records of the 1883 Krakatoa eruption seem to have eluded them. And the two eruptions are hugely similar in the way they progressed.
Could have been either far shorter or could have been vastly more interesting by comparing the timeline and phases with the Krakatoa event. C-
#Vulcanism #Tonga #TongaEruption

Magma And Mountain Building At The Columbia River Gorge
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https://www.earthscope.org/news/magma-and-mountain-building-at-the-columbia-river-gorge/ <-- shared technical article
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https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adj3357 <-- shared paper
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#GIS #spatial #mapping #remotesensing #GPS #geophysics #subductionzone #plateboundary #PNW #Oregon #columbiariver #geology #structuralgeology #model #modeling #vulcanism #volcanic #magma #fieldwork #igneous #platetectonics #uplift #compression #extension #geologicmapping #geologic #orogeny #mountains #mountainbuilding