In his work “What Do Bosses Do?” Stephen Marglin observed that capitalist owners had to awkwardly insert themselves as managers in workers’ efforts in order to justify their extraction. Many tasks, he argues, are hyper-specialized not because this is more economically efficient, but because it artificially creates the role of the capitalist as a coordinator of tasks.
Where this *didn’t* happen is in industries where the resources in use were fixed, concentrated, and easy to register with the state and hence police. So, for example, in mining, Marglin found that early capitalists found it unnecessary to insert themselves as bosses. Instead, they allowed teams of miners to manage themselves, waiting outside the mine to collect the revenue from sales without having to get their hands dirty.
What were the miners going to do, steal the mine? Take it with them and set it up somewhere else? Of course not. There was nowhere else for them to engage in their trade on their own. The frontier is closed.
9/10
