"[...] to provide privacy protection, networks on both ends of the roaming interface must implement the SEPP function. Getting all roaming partners to implement SEPP may be extremely challenging; of the 351 network operators reported to have launched 5G services, only 41 have launched 5G cloud-native architectures according to the Global Mobile Suppliers Association (GSA) as of April 2023. The remaining 310 operators are still using the Non-standalone Architecture (NSA) for 5G, which lets mobile operators bypass the SEPP feature in 5G roaming while still providing the improved speed and reduced latency benefits of the 5G radio access network.
According to interviews with telecommunications security vendors at the Mobile World Congress (MWC) conference in March 2023, only a handful of operators have deployed SEPP, let alone are actually using it. The effect is that many operators are not integrating the security and privacy benefits of the 5G standards when they are deploying 5G networks."