Observation of 2D dam break flow and a gaseous phase of solitons in a photon fluid
https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.18738
#solitons #opticalsolitons #integrability #quantumfluids #physics
arXiv:2409.18738
We report the observation of a two-dimensional dam break flow of a photon fluid in a nonlinear optical crystal. By precisely shaping the amplitude and phase of the input wave, we investigate the transition from one-dimensional (1D) to two-dimensional (2D) nonlinear dynamics. We observe wave breaking in both transverse spatial dimensions with characteristic timescales determined by the aspect ratio of the input box-shaped field. The interaction of dispersive shock waves propagating in orthogonal directions gives rise to a 2D ensemble of solitons. Depending on the box size, we report the evidence of a dynamic phase characterized by a constant number of solitons, resembling a 1D solitons gas in integrable systems. We measure the statistical features of this gaseous-like phase. Our findings pave the way to the investigation of collective solitonic phenomena in two dimensions, demonstrating that the loss of integrability does not disrupt the dominant phenomenology.
[complexlight.org](https://www.newcomplexlight.org/observation-of-2d-dam-break-flow-and-a-gaseous-phase-of-solitons-in-a-photon-fluid/)
[PhysRevLett.133.183801](https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.133.183801)