Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment, June 23, 2025
The Kremlin continues to only diplomatically support Iran, showcasing the limitations in the Russian-Iranian strategic relationship. Russian President Vladimir Putin, Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov, Russian Presidential Aide Yuriy Ushakov, and Chief of the Russian General Staff's Main Directorate (GRU) Igo…
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https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/russian-offensive-campaign-assessment-june-23-2025
Russian Occupation Update, June 23, 2025
Russian occupation administrators attended the St. Petersburg International Economic Forum (SPIEF) to secure additional investment and development opportunities for the occupied regions of Ukraine. Russia's investment in occupied Ukraine is driven by two predominant factors: first, the desire to reap economic benefit from the occupation,…
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https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/russian-occupation-update-june-23-2025
Iran Update Special Report, June 23, 2025, Morning Edition
Khatam ol Anbia Central Headquarters Spokesperson Ebrahim Zolfaghari similarly warned that Iran’s response would be “decisive” and “unpredictable.”
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https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/iran-update-special-report-june-23-2025-morning-edition
Iranian Calculus and Response Options following the US strikes
Iranian leaders are currently calibrating their response to the United States' striking their nuclear program. How they ultimately respond will depend on what they conclude is necessary to preserve the Islamic Republic and ensure its longevity. That conclusion will, in turn, derive from how Irani…
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https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/iranian-calculus-and-response-options-following-us-strikes
China-Taiwan Weekly Update, June 23, 2025
The People’s Republic of China (PRC) condemned Israeli strikes on Iran and has publicly advocated for de-escalation in order to protect its interests. PRC support for Iran remains primarily economic, aligning with broader PRC efforts to cast itself as a mediator.
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https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/china-taiwan-weekly-update-june-23-2025
Iran Update Special Report, June 22, 2025, Evening Edition
Russia condemned the recent US strikes on Iranian nuclear facilities on June 22 amid reports that Iranian Foreign Affairs Minister Abbas Araghchi will meet with Russian President Vladimir Putin in Moscow on June 23.
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https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/iran-update-special-report-june-22-2025-evening-edition
Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment, June 22, 2025
Russia condemned the recent US strikes on Iranian nuclear facilities on June 22 amid reports that Iran's foreign minister will meet with Russian President Vladimir Putin in Moscow on June 23.
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https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/russian-offensive-campaign-assessment-june-22-2025
Iran Update Special Report, June 22, 2025, Morning Edition
The United States conducted strikes against three Iranian nuclear sites, including the Fordow Fuel Enrichment Plant (FEEP) in Qom Province.
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https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/iran-update-special-report-june-22-2025-morning-edition
Iran Update Special Report, June 21, 2025, Evening Edition
Iranian Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei has begun implementing emergency succession measures in response to escalating Israeli strikes and the potential for US military involvement.
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https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/iran-update-special-report-june-21-2025-evening-edition
Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment, June 21, 2025
Russian President Vladimir Putin's long-term demands for full Ukrainian capitulation remain unchanged.
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https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/russian-offensive-campaign-assessment-june-21-2025
Iran Update Special Report, June 21, 2025, Morning Edition
The Israel Defense Forces conducted a new wave of airstrikes on the Esfahan Nuclear Technology Center on June 21 as part of Israel’s campaign to “degrade, destroy, and remove [the] threat” of Iranian weaponization of its nuclear program
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https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/iran-update-special-report-june-21-2025-morning-edition
Iran Update Special Report, June 20, 2025, Evening Edition
Iran is attempting to impose a dilemma on the United States and the international community: accept Iranian terms in nuclear negotiations or risk a long and challenging hunt for hidden Iranian nuclear material.
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https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/iran-update-special-report-june-20-2025-evening-edition
Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment, June 20, 2025
Russian President Vladimir Putin claimed that Russians and Ukrainians are one nation and all of Ukraine is effectively Russian as part of efforts to justify his continued conquest of Ukraine.
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https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/russian-offensive-campaign-assessment-june-20-2025
The Deafening Silence of Iran’s Proxies
The lack of a meaningful response from the so-called “Axis of Resistance” to the Israel-Iran war reveals how exhausted it is after months of fighting the United States and Israel.
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https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/deafening-silence-iran%E2%80%99s-proxies
Iran Update Special Report, June 20, 2025, Morning Edition
Avery Borens, Ben Rezaei, Johanna Moore, and Brian Carter
Information Cutoff: 5:00 AM ET
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https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/iran-update-special-report-june-20-2025-morning-edition
Iran Update Special Report, June 19, 2025, Evening Edition
Iranian officials have expressed interest in negotiating an end to the Israel-Iran conflict but have not moderated their negotiating positions from before the conflict. An unspecified US official cited by Axios on June 19 stated that US Special Envoy Steve Witkoff has been in contact with Iranian Foreig…
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https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/iran-update-special-report-june-19-2025-evening-edition
Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment, June 19, 2025
The West has failed to convince Russian President Vladimir Putin to reevaluate his theory of victory in Ukraine in the past year. Putin’s public statements indicate that he continues to assess that Russian forces will be able to win a war of attrition by sustaining gradual advances along the frontline indefinitely.
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https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/russian-offensive-campaign-assessment-june-19-2025
UAE Fuels Regionalization of Sudan War; JNIM Expands Along Benin-Nigeria Border: Africa File, June 18, 2025
The Rapid Support Forces (RSF) captured a key border area between Egypt, Libya, and Sudan on June 10 that the RSF will likely use to strengthen its supply lines.
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https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/uae-fuels-regionalization-sudan-war-jnim-expands-along-benin-nigeria-border-africa-file
Iran Update Special Report, June 19, 2025, Morning Edition
CTP-ISW has observed fewer reports of Israeli airstrikes from social media accounts based in Iran, which likely reflects widespread internet disruptions in Iran rather than an actual decrease in Israeli airstrikes.
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https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/iran-update-special-report-june-19-2025-morning-edition
Iran Update Special Report, June 18, 2025, Evening Edition
Iranian Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei categorically rejected US President Donald Trump’s call for Iran’s “unconditional surrender” and threatened to target the United States if the United States intervenes in the Israel-Iran conflict
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https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/iran-update-special-report-june-18-2025-evening-edition
