the Riesz representation theorem is perhaps the mathematical "keystone" that connects our pictures of the discrete and continuous worlds. without this theorem, mathematicians could not have rigorously defined integration over expressions involving Dirac delta functions (something that physicists had first intuited without proof).
It allows us to transfer ideas about inner product spaces over to their dual spaces of linear functionals:






![In particle physics, the Dirac equation is a relativistic wave equation derived by British physicist Paul Dirac in 1928. In its free form, or including electromagnetic interactions, it describes all spin-1⁄2 massive particles, called "Dirac particles", such as electrons and quarks for which parity is a symmetry. It is consistent with both the principles of quantum mechanics and the theory of special relativity,[1] and was the first theory to account fully for special relativity in the context of quantum mechanics](https://files.mastodon.social/cache/media_attachments/files/112/102/635/732/483/250/small/fa19589c74bfbab9.jpg)