What is the #relationship between #viral #prospecting in #animals and medical #countermeasure development? MedRxIV: https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.09.24311747v1
With #Filoviridae as a case study, we show there is little #evidence to suggest that viral prospecting has accelerated countermeasure development or that systematically discovering novel #zoonotic viruses in animal hosts before they cause human outbreaks has been feasible.
i really hope ebola doesn't spread any further. i wish it wouldn't have spread to any human at all! that is some fcked up shit. #Filoviruses #Filoviridae #ViralHemorrhagicFevers
Answer to How many individual Ebola viruses can an adult body defend against? by Haley Euphemia Sands https://www.quora.com/How-many-individual-Ebola-viruses-can-an-adult-body-defend-against/answer/Haley-Euphemia-Sands
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very much depends on ones immune system, the issue is Ebola can infect some of the first line immune cells, and you only need 1 particle ho infect a cell and that is then amplified to millions probably billions of new virus particles which go on to take over more cells.
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#Filoviridae #EbolaEbolavirus #EbolaViruses #SudanEbolavirus #EbolaVirusDisease #EbolaDisease #SudanVirusDisease #SevereViralDiseases #ViralHaemorrhagicFevers
Does the breakthrough Ebola trial in Congo achieve a 90% survival rate? by Haley Euphemia Praesent
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It shows 90% survival rate, however that might change as more as they continue to trial the two drugs with promise.
While it definitely is effective it is probably still far to early to give solid numbers on effectiveness, and even with a 90% survival rate that is still 10/100 people who get Ebola Virus Disease still end up passing away.
Also I don't know if it is capable of working on other ebolaviruses, the current Kivu Outbreak, and the 2013-2016 West Africa Epidemic was both caused by Ebola ebolavirus (formerly called Zaire ebolavirus) but it isn't the only species, there are 6 species of ebolavirus only 1 of which doesn't cause disease in humans (Reston Virus/Reston ebolavirus [REBOV]) and within each species there might be a handful of different strains so until we see effectiveness against other Ebolaviruses I thitk it is too early to say we have effective treatment for Ebola Virus Disease which can be caused by any of the viruses in the Genus of Ebola with exception to REBOV.
#EbolaEbolavirus #RestonEbolavirus #EbolaVirus #Ebolaviruses #EbolaVirusDisease #Filoviridae #SevereViralDiseases #ViralHaemorrhagicFevers #2013to16WestAfricaEbolaEpidemic #KivuEbolaOutbreak #CurrentOutbreak #ExperimentalTreatment
I find it incredibly weird that some tend to include the Paramyxoviridae (Parainfluenza) family, genus henipavirus in the category of Viral Haemorrhagic Fevers, like yes Hendra henipavirus and Nipah henipavirus both are slightly more lethal than Ebolaviruses and Marburgviruses but if anyone is going to haemorrhage during Hendra Virus Disease (the film Contagion bases its virus on this one) it is going to be into the lungs, and the primary threat is fulminant encephalomeningitis or kidney failure, it isn't systemically haemorrhagic like the classical (Dengue, Yellow fever, mainly Flaviviridae) and severe (Ebola, Marburg, Lassa) VHFs.
#Virology #SevereViralDiseases #ViralHaemorrhagicFevers #HendraHenipavirus #NipahHenipavirus #Ebolaviruses #Marburgviruses #Filoviridae #Paramyxoviridae #Henipaviruses #Flaviviridae #LassaArennavirus
Is there a cure for Ebola now? by Haley Euphemia Praesent
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No, there is currently no cure though there is an experimental vaccine (or multiple experimental vaccines) which can reduce the risk of getting Ebola Virus Disease.
Once you get the virus the vaccine is useless but it can still be used in ring vaccination schemes where you vaccinated health workers and those who are likely to come in contact with the patient to reduce the chance of it spreading.
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#EbolaVirus #Ebolaviruses #EbolaVirusDisease #Filoviridae #SevereViralDiseases #ViralHaemorrhagicFevers
Answer to Where does the Ebola virus live between human outbreaks? by Haley Euphemia Praesent
Ebola's Resevoir Host is very likely bats.
#EbolaVirus #Ebolaviruses #Filoviridae #SevereViralDiseases #ViralHaemorrhagicFevers
I find it interesting that people think there will be a vaccine for Ebola Virus Disease sometime soon...
The vaccine that was rushed during the 2013-16 West African Ebola Epidemic hasn't actually been thoroughly tested, also in liklihood it is for Ebola ebolavirus and particularly the Mayinga-76 strain giving that is one of the samples of the virus we've had for the longest.
Another thing is there are 6 species of ebolaviruses with enough differences that immunity to one probably won't translate, and the issue with Viral Haemorrhagic Fevers is typically if someone develops immunity to one then gets infected by a extremely similar virus the immune response can amplify the new related virus cause more severe symptoms
The final problem is that all the filoviridae that infect primates are zoonotic meaning they come from animals, bats are the resevoir host of tde virus, any vaccine would have to be given to bats and any other potential carriers (which is probably not very feasible) otherwise the virus can hide in bats mutating until the vaccine is no longer effective.
tl;dr Vaccinating against Haemorrhagic Fevers are actually difficult and a huge pain in the ass, and an all encompassing EVD vaccine is likely decades away still, the same goes for Marburg.
#EbolaVirus #Ebolaviruses #Filoviridae #ViralHaemorrhagicFevers #SevereViralDiseases
Is Marburg Virus as deadly as Ebola? by Haley Euphemia Praesent
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Yes Marburg marburgvirus and Ravn marburgvirus are as fatal as some of the ebolaviruses, there are several ebolaviruses, with different average case fatality rates.
For humans the Reston Virus one of the ebolaviruses is non-pathogenic in humans therefore has 0% case fatality in the humans, but Ebola ebolavirus (formerly Zaire ebolavirus) has a 50-90% mortality making it an equal or slightly more deadly than the two Marburg Viruses.
But both genera Marburgviruses and Ebolaviruses belong to the family Filoviridae.
}
#EbolaVirus #Ebolaviruses #Filoviridae #Marburgviruses #MarburgVirus #SevereViralDiseases #ViralHaemorrhagicFevers
It is annoying that people say that ebolavirus has 5 strains, nope, no it doesn't it has many more, what you mean to say is species, the ebola genus has 5 species (though out of date now, Bombali ebolavirus was recently discovered brining the species count to 6).
A strain is a linage from a genetically similar form, a species can have many strains (a perfect example would be Alphaorthomyxiviruses or more commonly known as Influenza A, such as the H1N1 having two well known strains, Influenza A/Pandemic H1N1/2009 and A/Pandemic H1N1/1918).
The type species Ebola ebolavirus (formerly Zaire ebolavirus) has a few strains, the original Mayinga-76 which was a different strain than the 1995 Kikwit EBOV outbreak, and the 2013-2016 West Africa EBOV epidemic, and tde Currently ongoing Kivu outbreak, all 4 being caused by the species Ebola ebolavirus but different strains.
A species consists of at least one strain which means there is a minimum of 6 strains of ebolaviruses but because the type species has several strains there are more than 6 strains.
This is also why the Reston Virus (Reston ebolavirus named after Reston Virginia, US for where it was discovered) is still considered a level 4 virus with the other ebolaviruses, even though all known strains of the species appear to be non-pathogenic to humans, there is still a posibility an unknown strain of this species can cause Ebola Virus Disease in humans (plus the genetic difference from the Zaire species is fairly small, and well the type species is the most lethal so it appears harmless while its closest relative appears most lethal)
#Virology #EbolaVirus #Ebolaviruses #Filoviridae #SevereViralDiseases #ViralHaemorrhagicFeversWhat is Ebola Zaire, and how is it caused? by Haley Euphemia Praesent
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Ebola Zaire, or Zaire ebolavirus was the former name of The Ebola Virus, or Ebola ebolavirus it is the type species which was the first virus in the ebolavirus genus to be discovered, in the first outbreak (though chronologically the second outbreak as the outbreak in Sudan with the Sudan Virus aka Sudan ebolavirus had started before it).
All viruses in the ebolavirus genus with exceptions of the Reston Virus cause Ebola Virus Disease in humans (the newly Discovered Bombali Virus/ Bombali ebolavirus has not yet infected a human therefore it may be like Reston we don't know), but the Zaire/Ebola Virus which defines the ebolavirus genus, and tends to be the worst of the ebolaviruses.
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Did you know Hendra henipavirus isn't the only Level 4 Biosafety virus in Austrania capable of causing outbreaks.
There is actually a rather famous virus which while unlikely to jump to causing outbreaks in Australia does still exist within its resevoir host which range includes Australia.
Ebola virus and Marburg virus both live in certain species of Bat (kind of like how bats also carry Hendra) and some of these species can be found in Australia (particularly the Northern Areas). Though the chances of them causing an outbreak is slim because while bushmeat is still a thing for some communities it isn't as widespread as in Africa and some of South Asia, also it is a small area for which it could jump into another organism.
Of the Four genera of filoviridae that are batborne they've been found on 3 continents (Europe, Africa, and Asia, though when it comes to bats it does include Australia as they don't have far to move to Indonesia, then to New Guinea, then to Cape York Australia).
Also the Reston Virus (Reston ebolavirus) is also in the environment in the Philippines though while this virus is non-pathogenic to humans it has caused outbreaks in pigs in Manilla in the Philippines which had no contact with primates indicating they likely got it directly from bats and that is fairly close to Indonesia and New Guinea as well.
#Ebolaviruses #Marburgviruses #HendraHenipavirus #Henipaviruses #Biosafety #Filoviridae #RestonEbolavirus #SevereViralHaemorrhagicFevers #SevereViralDiseases
