Macular pseudohole
Macular pseudohole is characterized by a steepened foveal contour without a full-thickness defect. On Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT), it shows a narrow, deep foveal pit with intact outer retinal layers, typically caused by a contractile epiretinal membrane (ERM). Differentiating it from a true macular hole is essential, as visual prognosis and management differ significantly. #MacularPseudohole #ERM #OCT #FovealContour #RetinaImaging #retina…
MacTel type 2
In macular telangiectasia type 2 (MacTel), the OCTA depth-enhanced map improves visualization of vascular alterations across different retinal layers. It highlights capillary rarefaction and telangiectatic vessels, particularly in the deep capillary plexus and outer retina. This tool enhances diagnostic accuracy and monitoring of neovascular complications in MacTel. #MacTel #OCTA #DepthEnhancedMap #RetinalVascularChanges #RetinaImaging #retina #oftalmo…
Choroidal nevus
Choroidal nevus is best visualized using near-infrared reflectance (NIR) imaging. Its appearance may vary: it can be hyperreflective in confocal systems or hyporeflective in non-confocal imaging, depending on the imaging modality and melanin density. NIR enhances contrast for detecting and monitoring nevi, especially when they are not clearly visible on color fundus photography or FAF. #ChoroidalNevus #NIR #NearInfraredReflectance #RetinaImaging…
Ocular toxoplasmosis: Chorioretinitis scars
In ocular toxoplasmosis, chorioretinitis scars can reveal underlying structures such as the posterior long ciliary artery and nerve. These become visible due to the localized atrophy of the retina, retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), and choroid, allowing clearer visualization of the deeper scleral and vascular structures. #Toxoplasmosis #ChorioretinitisScar #PosteriorCiliaryArtery #RetinaImaging #FAF #ChoroidalAtrophy #retina…
https://retinography.org/ocular-toxoplasmosis-chorioretinitis-scars/
Macular telangiectasia type 2
Macular Telangiectasia Type 2 (MacTel 2) can be monitored with blue light reflectance imaging, which highlights areas of retinal degeneration and structural changes. Over a 1-year follow-up, an increase in the hyperreflectant area indicates disease progression, reflecting the expansion of retinal abnormalities. This imaging modality is crucial for tracking disease evolution. #MacTel2 #BlueLightReflectance #RetinaImaging #DiseaseProgression…
Macular telangiectasia type 2
In Macular Telangiectasia (MacTel), blue light reflectance imaging is effective for identifying early retinal changes. It enhances the visualization of macular pigment loss and plexiform layers abnormalities before identifiable using other imaging modalities. This non-invasive technique is invaluable for detecting and monitoring MacTel in its initial stages. #MacTel #BlueLightReflectance #EarlyDetection #RetinaImaging #PhotoreceptorChanges…
Congenital Hypertrophy of the Retinal Pigment Epithelium
Congenital Hypertrophy of the Retinal Pigment Epithelium (CHRPE) appears as a flat, highly pigmented lesion on fundus examination. On fundus autofluorescence (FAF), CHRPE typically shows hypoautofluorescence. This imaging modality helps confirm the diagnosis and monitor for changes over time. #CHRPE #FAF #Hypoautofluorescence #RetinaImaging #PigmentedLesion #retina #oftalmo #ophthalmology #oftalmologia…
https://retinography.org/congenital-hypertrophy-of-the-retinal-pigment-epithelium-3/
BRVO and asteroid hyalosis
Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion (BRVO) and asteroid hyalosis can coexist, posing challenges in retinal imaging. Asteroid hyalosis, characterized by calcium-lipid deposits in the vitreous, can obscure fundus details. #BRVO #AsteroidHyalosis #RetinaImaging #OCT #FA #RetinalVeinOcclusion #retina #oftalmo #ophthalmology #oftalmologia #oftalmología #ophtalmologie #офтальмологія #офтальмология #οφθαλμολογία #retinography2024 #CIRRUS6000 #CLARUS700…
ERM formation
Idiopathic epiretinal membrane (ERM) formation can occur years after cataract surgery due to changes in the vitreoretinal interface. Blue light reflectance imaging enhances the visibility of ERM, highlighting subtle structural details and providing clear visualization of its extent. This imaging modality is valuable for monitoring ERM progression and planning potential surgical intervention. #ERM #CataractSurgery #BlueLightReflectance #RetinaImaging…
BRVO: Macula sparing
Branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) sparing the macula often remains asymptomatic, as central vision is preserved. These cases are typically identified incidentally during routine fundus examination or imaging. Management usually involves observation unless complications like peripheral ischemia or neovascularization develop, requiring interventions such as laser photocoagulation. #BRVO #AsymptomaticBRVO #PeripheralIschemia #RetinaImaging #retina…
Epiretinal membrane
Epiretinal membrane (ERM) can be effectively assessed using en-face OCT imaging at the level of the vitreoretinal interface (VRI). This technique provides a detailed top-down view, clearly outlining the extent and pattern of the membrane, including tractional changes it may impose on the retina. En-face VRI imaging is invaluable for monitoring ERM progression and planning surgical intervention if needed. #ERM #EnFaceOCT #VRI #RetinaImaging…
Optic disc drusen
Optic disc drusen appear as small, yellowish deposits within the optic nerve head and are visible on fundus examination, often with a lumpy or irregular appearance. These drusen can sometimes simulate optic disc edema, so accurate identification is essential. They may increase the risk of visual field defects and require monitoring for associated complications. #OpticDiscDrusen #FundusExam #OpticNerve #VisualFieldDefects #RetinaImaging #retina…
Degenerative myopia: Tessellated fundus
In degenerative myopia, a tessellated (or tigroid) fundus appears due to thinning of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), which reveals the underlying choroidal vasculature as a mosaic pattern. Red channel imaging enhances the contrast of this pattern, providing clear visualization of these structural changes. #DegenerativeMyopia #TessellatedFundus #RedChannel #RetinaImaging #ChoroidalVasculature #retina #oftalmo #ophthalmology…
https://retinography.org/degenerative-myopia-tessellated-fundus/
Optic disc drusen
Optic disc drusen are calcified deposits within the optic nerve head, often visible on fundus autofluorescence (FAF) as hyperautofluorescent spots. FAF imaging enhances the detection of drusen by highlighting their autofluorescent properties, aiding in differentiation from other optic nerve abnormalities and in monitoring potential complications like visual field defects. #OpticDiscDrusen #FAF #Hyperautofluorescence #OpticNerve #RetinaImaging #retina…
Central Serous Chorioretinopathy
In Central Serous Chorioretinopathy (CSC), fundus autofluorescence (FAF) is used to assess retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) changes. Areas of active fluid accumulation may show hyperautofluorescence due to RPE stress, while chronic lesions exhibit hypoautofluorescence indicating RPE atrophy. FAF is valuable for monitoring CSC progression and guiding treatment. #CSC #FundusAutofluorescence #FAF #RPEChanges #RetinaImaging #retina #oftalmo…
https://retinography.org/central-serous-chorioretinopathy-8/
AMD: Drusen and GA
In age-related macular degeneration (AMD), clinical findings includes confluent soft drusen, pigment migration, and RPE atrophy. Confluent soft drusen are large, yellowish deposits under the RPE, indicating a higher risk of progression. Pigment migration occurs as RPE cells move irregularly, and RPE atrophy presents as areas of cell loss, all contributing to gradual vision loss. #AMD #SoftDrusen #PigmentMigration #RPEAtrophy #RetinaImaging #retina…
Arcuate RNFL defect
An inadvertent touch to the retina during ILM peeling can cause an arcuate defect, best visualized using blue light reflectance. This imaging modality enhances the contrast, making subtle retinal damage more apparent. Early detection of such defects is crucial for monitoring post-surgical recovery and ensuring no further retinal complications arise. #ILMPeeling #RetinalDefect #BlueLightReflectance #RetinaSurgery #RetinaImaging #retina #oftalmo…
Central Serous Chorioretinopathy
In Central Serous Chorioretinopathy (CSC), fundus autofluorescence (FAF) typically reveals areas of hyperautofluorescence due to the accumulation of subretinal fluid and changes in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Over time, areas of hypoautofluorescence may appear, indicating RPE atrophy. FAF is useful in tracking disease progression and assessing the health of the RPE. #CSC #FundusAutofluorescence #FAF #RetinaImaging #RPEChanges…
https://retinography.org/central-serous-chorioretinopathy-7/
Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion
In branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO), fluorescein angiography (FA) is used to detect areas of retinal non-perfusion, indicating ischemia. Laser photocoagulation is often employed to treat these ischemic areas, preventing neovascularization and further complications. This targeted treatment reduces the risk of vision loss and stabilizes retinal function. #BRVO #FluoresceinAngiography #NonPerfusion #LaserPhotocoagulation #RetinaImaging…
Cystoid macular edema
Cystoid macular edema (CME) after phacoemulsification can be effectively treated with topical steroids and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). These treatments reduce inflammation and fluid accumulation in the macula, helping to restore visual acuity and prevent further complications. #CME #Phacoemulsification #TopicalSteroids #NSAIDs #RetinaImaging #retina #oftalmo #ophthalmology #oftalmologia #oftalmología #ophtalmologie…
