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Growing evidence supports a role of sensorimotor and autonomic #neuropathy in #syndrome_T or #SORSHOT, i.e. reduced quality of life in treated #hypothyroidism. #SPINA_GT and #SPINA_GD predict nerve function and depression.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38811750/

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-63158-w

Scatterplots showing a significant correlation of functional parameters of thyroid homeostasis (SPINA-GT and SPINA-GD) with the mechanical pain sensitivity (MPS) of QST (A), respiratory arrhythmia in HRV analysis (B) and depression percentiles in HADS (C).

Endocrine disruptors have a strong effect on the peripheral #thyroid hormone metabolism. A recent study showed a nonlinear dose-response relationship between #PFAS and step-up deiodinase activity (#SPINA_GD).

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39556482/
https://doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgae798

Dose-response relationship between PFAS and thyroid homeostasis parameters (FT3/FT4 and SPINA-GD). (A) Dose-response relationship between PFAS and FT3/FT4; (B) Dose-response relationship between PFAS and SPINA-GD. Analyses adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, family income to poverty ratio, marital status, hypertension, diabetes, total calories, smoking, BMI group, urinary iodine status, and antibody positivity (TgAb positivity or TPOAb positivity).

#SPINA_GT, #SPINA_GD and Jostel's TSH index (#JTI or #TSHI) are predictors of survival in patients with #Takotsubo syndrome (#stress #cardiomyopathy), as recently demonstrated in the international GEIST registry.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38502972/
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105063

Table: Markers of thyroid function in the study population: FT3 and SPINA-GD are significantly decreased in non-survivors, whereas SPINA-GT is increased in fatal cases of Takotsubo syndrome.

Kaplan–Meier survival curves based on cutoff values derived from phi statistics. Low TSH, FT3, SPINA-GD and JTI as well as high FT4 and SPINA-GT predict shorter survival in Takotsubo syndrome.

#SPINA_Thyr may be useful for monitoring of #endocrine disruptors. #SPINA_GD correlates to paraben excretion, and #SPINA_GT is modified due to exposure to butylparaben. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-31277-y https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38038926/

Pearson correlation between paraben and thyroid hormones and IGF-1

Adjusted regression coefficient and 95% CI for change in serum thyroid and growth hormones in relation to unit-increased in Ln-parabens
(ng/mL) in Taiwanese minors (N = 75)

Regression coefficients (95% confidence intervals) for a
change in Jostel’s TSHI, sTSHI, SPINA-GD and SPINA-GT associated
with quartiles of four urinary parabens concentrations in minors.

Total step-up #deiodinase activity (#SPINA_GD) is upregulated in metabolic syndrome, as demonstrated by a strong correlation to the triglyceride-glucose index. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37946276/ https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-023-01501-z

The association between TyG index and thyroid parameters shows a strong correlation to SPINA-GD.

Correlation between triglyceride-glucose index and parameters of thyroid homeostasis.

Yet another study shows that #SPINA_GD goes down under substitution therapy with levothyroxine, underscoring the role of the TSH-T3 feedforward control. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36401211/

SPINA-GD goes down after initiation of substitution therapy with levothyroxine.

Both #SPINA_GT and #SPINA_GD are reduced in myalgic encephalomyelitis / chronic fatigue syndrome (#MECFS). SPINA-GD is especially low in persons with antibodies to selenoprotein P, suggesting a pivotal role of selenium in ME/CFS. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37423160/ https://doi.org/10.1016/j.redox.2023.102796

Comparison of indices of thyroid hormones and deiodination

Indices of thyroid hormone metabolism and urinary iodine in controls versus CFS patients divided into those with or without SELENOP-aAb.

In a prospective study including women with #euthyroid autoimmune #thyroiditis treatment with #vitamin_D increased #SPINA_GT, and therapy with selenomethionine raised #SPINA_GD, in parallel to improved #sexual function and reduced #depressive symptoms. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15122815