⇅📜 A few thoughts on the background of India's foreign policy.
Since (before) independence from the still-imperial UK in 1947, 🇮🇳 leadership (Nehru) had, not entirely unreasonably, bought into socialism as the path forward. The USSR's criminality (much already known, much more still covered up) was deliberately ignored, possibly with the notion "one's gotta break some eggs to make omelette", when Stalin's empire was adopted as a key 'partner'. 🤔
In fact despite the official adoptation of geo-political "non-alignment" (NAM), Soviet russia was a de facto ally in most respects. And Kremlin saw Delhi as a useful "neutral" developing country voice during the entire Cold War v1.0 (1945-1991).
Thanks to Soviet "anti-colonialist" narrative (added to India's experience over the previous centuries!), the entire Europe was viewed against that light as exploiters.
The USA OTOH had gone wildly "anti-socialist" (McCarthy to Reagan) and had fought against "native communists" in Korea and then Vietnam and South-East Asia. Quite the 'baddies', right?
Happy with its relative isolation (although CCP was already building it's "string of pearls" around India...), India didn't exactly prosper, but grew at a steady but modest "Hindu rate of growth" of ~3.5% from 1950s to 1980s. Compared to more dynamic East Asian economies, India was in reality horribly stagnant and almost antiquated.
In early 1990s, after the dissolution of its repressive 'partner' empire of USSR and with globalism starting to make waves, India finally adopted some internal market-oriented reforms and promoted more foreign trade and investment. Many rusty brakes on growth were loosened...
Yet politically and diplomatically the old Soviet-turned-russian links remained strong; there was little keenness to admit what the USSR had always really stood for (=imperialism).
Meanwhile the USA had, reluctantly, become a partner of India's arch nemesis Pakistan who were playing all sides, but were important with "war on terror" and its long aftermath unfolding in neighbouring Afghanistan. (Another blemish against the USA and its allies). The invasion of Iraq naturally soured public opinion for a generation and more. So the Kremlin tether remained.
The communist dictatorship of 🇨🇳 China was likewise seen through rose-tinted glasses (and crimes ignored), *despite* Chinese CCP invading the entire Tibetan Plateau in 1950-1951 and, wait for it, invading India herself in 1962!
India graciously welcomed Tibetan refugees (150k+), on historical, religious and humanitarian grounds, but essentially shrugged off the very crime of genocidal invasion which had "brought" the CCP's military to its borders in the first place, for the first time in history obviously. 🤷🏻♂️
At the risk of upsetting someone who actually found this piece and read this far, it can be argued that the Indian political establishment have been 'tankies' since day 1. Now after Narendra Modi (BJP/RSS militants) have made hindu-nationalism the core of India's (or "Bharat's") policy objectives — and with old "socialist' allies to the north having both turned to hard *nationalism* — the inherent liberalism of free democracies again looks more like a foe than an ally.
The tankie tether of 'socialism' — apparently a holy... umm... article of foreign policy — is now a tether to power-seeking revanchist nationalism, with some 'socialism' added to taste.
If in the 1990s and 2000s many thought India's progress towards liberal democracy was likely or even inevitable, well, that period was instead wasted by the Free World on building up and empowering those revanchist dictatorships, russia and china, that seek the return and enlargement of their 'illiberal' empires. 🤷🏻♂️
#geopolitics #natsec #coldwar #India #Tibet #UnitedStates #sovietunion #ussr #russia #ccp #china #authaxis