Peer review protip: even if you’re SURE the author made an elementary mistake, hedge your review
As a peer reviewer, sometimes you’ll find that the ms author(s) made an elementary mistake. Possibly, a mistake so elementary that, in your view, it really should not have been made in the first place.
If this happens, you will probably be annoyed at the author(s). How dare they make you, the reviewer, do their work for them by catching elementary mistakes they should’ve caught themselves before they submitted?! You might well be tempted to express your annoyance in your review.
If so, here’s my advice: hedge your review.
That is, don’t write something like “There is an elementary mistake on line 194.” Instead, write something like, “There appears to be an elementary mistake on line 194. Apologies if I’ve misunderstood, but if I have then I suggest that the text be clarified, so that readers don’t misunderstand as well.”
The reason to write this way is simple: no matter how sure you are that it’s the authors who made the elementary mistake, it might be you who’s making the elementary mistake. Hedging your review saves you from embarrassment if it turns out you’re actually the one who made the mistake. Hedging your review also is a sign of professional respect for the author(s). It increases the likelihood that the authors will take your comment to heart and revise appropriately.
None of us is infallible. Don’t write your reviews as if you are.