अंतरिक्ष युद्ध: चार देशों के पास है सैटेलाइट नष्ट करने की ताकत, जानें क्या है भारत की स्थिति #News #SpaceWarfare #AntiSatellite
#antisatellite
अंतरिक्ष युद्ध: चार देशों के पास है सैटेलाइट नष्ट करने की ताकत, जानें क्या है भारत की स्थिति
Global News: अंतरिक्ष अब केवल संचार या अनुसंधान का क्षेत्र नहीं रहा, बल्कि यह युद्ध का नया मैदान बन गया है। चार देशों—अमेरिका, रूस, चीन और भारत—ने अंतरिक्ष युद्ध की क्षमता हासिल की है। इन देशों ने अपनी सैटेलाइट नष्ट कर एंटी-सैटेलाइट (ASAT) हथियारों की ताकत दिखाई। यह तकनीक सैन्य रणनीति को बदल सकती है, लेकिन अंतरिक्ष मलबे की समस्या भी बढ़ा रही है।
अमेरिका की अग्रणी भूमिका
अमेरिका ने 1985 में F-15 लड़ाकू विमान से मिसाइल दागकर अपनी सैटेलाइट नष्ट की थी। यह अंतरिक्ष युद्ध में उसकी ताकत का पहला प्रदर्शन था। अमेरिका के पास GPS, जासूसी और निगरानी सैटेलाइट्स का सबसे बड़ा नेटवर्क है। 2008 में, उसने USA-193 सैटेलाइट को नष्ट किया, जिससे इसकी ASAT क्षमता और मजबूत हुई। यह तकनीक अमेरिका को अंतरिक्ष में रणनीतिक बढ़त देती है।
रूस की गुप्त ताकत
रूस अंतरिक्ष तकनीक में दशकों से अग्रणी है। 2021 में, उसने अपनी सैटेलाइट को ASAT मिसाइल से नष्ट किया, जिससे हजारों मलबे के टुकड़े अंतरिक्ष में फैल गए। इस परीक्षण ने वैश्विक चिंता बढ़ाई। रूस के पास साइबर हमले और जैमिंग जैसी गैर-काइनेटिक ASAT तकनीक भी है। अंतरिक्ष युद्ध में रूस की यह ताकत इसे मजबूत खिलाड़ी बनाती है।
चीन का बढ़ता दबदबा
चीन ने 2007 में अपनी मौसम सैटेलाइट को ASAT मिसाइल से नष्ट कर दुनिया को चौंका दिया। इस परीक्षण से अंतरिक्ष मलबे की समस्या बढ़ी। चीन नियमित रूप से सैन्य सैटेलाइट लॉन्च करता है और उसकी DN-2, DN-3 मिसाइलें मध्यम और उच्च कक्षा की सैटेलाइट्स को निशाना बना सकती हैं। अंतरिक्ष युद्ध में चीन की यह प्रगति वैश्विक शक्ति संतुलन को प्रभावित कर रही है।
भारत की उभरती शक्ति
भारत ने 27 मार्च 2019 को ‘मिशन शक्ति’ के तहत अपनी लो-ऑर्बिट सैटेलाइट को ASAT मिसाइल से नष्ट किया। इस सफलता ने भारत को अंतरिक्ष महाशक्ति के रूप में स्थापित किया। इसरो की प्रगति और सैन्य सैटेलाइट्स ने भारत की रक्षा क्षमता को मजबूत किया है। अंतरिक्ष युद्ध में भारत की यह उपलब्धि रणनीतिक रूप से महत्वपूर्ण है।
**Headline:** Russia Launches Device with Components of Anti-Satellite Nuclear Weapon into Space Weeks Before Ukraine Invasion
**Keywords:** Russia, space, anti-satellite weapon, nuclear, Cosmos-2553, Wall Street Journal, House Intelligence Committee, national security, Joe Biden, CNN, Reuters, ABC News, White House
**Analysis:**
- The report presents information based on anonymous American officials' statements regarding Russia's launch of the Cosmos-2553 satellite carrying components of an anti-satellite nuclear weapons system.
- It highlights discrepancies between the Russian Ministry of Defense's statements and the interpretation of American officials regarding the satellite's purpose, indicating a potential lack of transparency.
- The report mentions that while the Cosmos-2553 satellite doesn't contain a nuclear charge, it carries non-nuclear components of a new Russian weapons system, emphasizing the potential threat posed by such technology.
- It quotes House Intelligence Committee Chairman Mike Turner's concerns about the national security threat posed by Russia's space operations and calls for the declassification of related information by President Joe Biden.
- Various news sources, including CNN, Reuters, and ABC News, corroborate the discussion surrounding Russia's anti-satellite program and its potential implications for global security.
- The White House acknowledges Russia's anti-satellite capability as "disturbing" but clarifies that such weapons have not been deployed yet.
**Approximate Percentage of Misrepresentation:** 10% - The report relies heavily on statements from anonymous sources and lacks direct confirmation from Russian authorities regarding the purpose of the Cosmos-2553 satellite.
**Semantic Analysis:** 50 - The tone of the report is neutral, presenting factual information without significant emotional bias.
**Editorial Opinion:** The report provides valuable insights into Russia's space activities and the potential security ramifications of its anti-satellite program. However, it could benefit from more balanced representation by including perspectives from Russian officials or experts in the field.
**Rewrite:**
Russia launched the Cosmos-2553 satellite carrying components of an anti-satellite nuclear weapons system into space three weeks prior to the invasion of Ukraine, as reported by The Wall Street Journal based on statements from anonymous American officials. The satellite, although lacking a nuclear charge, raises concerns about Russia's intentions and the global security implications. House Intelligence Committee Chairman Mike Turner has called for transparency regarding this threat, urging President Joe Biden to declassify relevant information. The White House acknowledges the disturbing nature of Russia's anti-satellite capability but clarifies that such weapons have yet to be deployed.
**Conclusion:**
The launch of the Cosmos-2553 satellite underscores the escalating tensions surrounding space militarization and highlights the need for international dialogue and transparency in addressing such threats. It is imperative for policymakers to engage in constructive discussions to mitigate the risks posed by emerging technologies in space.
**Links Knowledge:** The article provides insights into the evolving dynamics of space warfare and its potential impact on global security, reflecting the growing importance of space as a domain for geopolitical competition.
**Hashtags:** #Russia #space #security #nuclear #antisatellite #Cosmos2553 #WallStreetJournal #HouseIntelligenceCommittee #JoeBiden #WhiteHouse
More details on the secret #SpaceX satellite constellation program for the U.S. Department of #Defense.
Perhaps most worrisome: the potential for these assets to become the targets of space warfare, including #ASAT weapons.
https://www.twz.com/space/if-spacexs-secret-constellation-is-what-we-think-it-is-its-game-changing
The White House publicly confirmed on Thursday that Russia has obtained a “troubling” emerging anti-satellite weapon but said it cannot directly cause “physical destruction” on Earth.
White House National Security Council spokesperson John Kirby said U.S. intelligence officials have information that Russia has obtained the capability but that such a weapon is not currently operational. U.S. officials are analyzing the information they have on the emerging technology and have consulted with allies and partners on the matter.
“First this is not an active capability that’s been deployed and though Russia’s pursuit of this particular capability is troubling, there is no immediate threat to anyone’s safety,” Kirby said. “We’re not talking about a weapon that can be used to used to attack human beings or cause physical destruction here on Earth.’’
#AntiSatelliteWeapons #antisatellite
"The testing of a direct-ascent anti-satellite weapon on 15 November 2021 has prompted renewed efforts in space arms control. A multilateral treaty banning all destructive anti-satellite weapon tests is urgently needed."
#Space companies say #antisatellite or #ASAT tests threaten economic development
The statement comes two years after #Russia shot down one of an older #satellite, #Kosmos1408, with a #Nudol #missile launched from the ground. The test, intended to demonstrate Russia's capability to shoot down assets in space, showered more than 1,500 pieces of debris into low-Earth orbit (#LEO)
https://arstechnica.com/space/2023/11/worried-about-orbital-debris-private-space-companies-push-to-end-asat-tests/
The Future Of Geography And Rise Of Astropolitics
--
https://geographical.co.uk/geopolitics/the-future-of-geography-tim-marshall <-- shared technical article / opinion piece
--
H/T @Tim Marshall
#GIS #spatial #mapping #geography #astropolitics #moon #mining #military #spaceforce #extraterrestial #Mars #spaceexploration #lithium #silicon #solarsystem #satellites #antisatellite #conflict #imperialism #resources
#StarNet system with technology such as #laser communication and #AI : #China 🇨🇳 has been developing numerous alternative #AntiSatellite 🛰️ technologies, including #microwaves that can jam communications or #burn 🔥 electronic components.
#Lasers for blinding or damaging satellites, nano-sats that can be launched in huge numbers to cripple bigger satellites, and cyber weapons to hack into the #satellite #communication #network. https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/3178939/china-military-needs-defence-against-potential-starlink-threat
Picture : :ccby: :cc_sa: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Star_Wars_day_in_Legoland_Billund_20._of_June_2010_(b).jpg
#SciFi ?
With every new piece of discarded launch hardware, every fragment of a destructive #antisatellite test, and every bit of debris shed from spacecraft in increasingly congested #LEO #space, the risk of a loss-of-life incident in space grows.
https://www.space.com/russian-space-debris-cancels-nasa-spacewalk
Russian Anti-Satellite Weapon Test Draws Widespread Condemnation
On the morning of November 15, a Russian missile destroyed a satellite in orbit above Earth. The successful test of the anti-satellite weapon has infuriated many in the space industry, put astronauts and cosmonauts alike at risk, and caught the attention of virtually every public and private space organisation on the planet.
It's yet another chapter in the controversial history of military anti-satellite operations, and one with important implications for future space missions. Let's examine what happened, and explore the greater context of the operation.
Analysis from several sources indicates that an anti-satellite weapons system destroyed a Russian satellite designated COSMOS 1408. The satellite served in an electronic and signals intelligence role for the Soviet Union, and was launched in 1982 with an expected mission life of six months. The 2,200 kg satellite had been defunct for decades, and was sitting in Low Earth Orbit at an altitude of approximately 480 km.
US Space Command have since released a statement, indicating that Russia fired a direct-ascent anti-satellite missile which struck COSMOS 1408. The findings were independently verified by a number of private-sector space organisations, including LeoLabs and Seradata.
Exact details are hard to come by, but suspicions centre around the use of the Russian PL-19 Nudol missile for the test. The PL-19 is a ground-launched missile which has been seen in testing as recently as last year, and has anti-ballistic missile applications in addition to the anti-satellite role. The two missions share similar requirements - the need for a missile with high delta-V and high maneuverability in order to hit fast-moving targets at orbital altitudes. It's not Russia's only recent anti-satellite project, either, with the country reportedly recently testing a satellite designed to kinetically attack other satellites in orbit.
YouTube video: Data captured by LeoLabs indicates the debris field from the anti-satellite weapon test passing near to the orbit of the International Space Station (ISS).
The test quickly drew widespread condemnation from much of the space community. Perhaps most notably, according to a statement from NASA. astronauts and cosmonauts aboard the ISS were instructed to shelter in place. The team onboard donned their spacesuits, closed hatches to some radial ISS modules, and boarded the SpaceX Crew Dragon currently docked with the space station. These measures were taken for the first few passes through the debris field generated by the test, before NASA deemed the situation safe. As reported by multiple sources, hatches between the US and Russian parts of the space station remain open. Notably, two of the seven people aboard the space station are Russian cosmonauts, who were also placed at risk by the Russian test.
NASA administrator Bill Nelson expressed anger with a statement noting that he was "outraged by this irresponsible and destabilizing action. With its long and storied history in human spaceflight, it is unthinkable that Russia would endanger not only the American and international partner astronauts on the ISS, but also their own cosmonauts. Their actions are reckless and dangerous, threatening as well the Chinese space station."
The problem with such testing is the huge amount of debris generated, which places other spacecraft at risk from damage or destruction. Reports from US Space Command indicate that the test generated over 1500 trackable pieces of debris, and likely "hundreds of thousands" of smaller pieces of debris that are too small to be monitored with current technology.
Present estimates indicate that the debris could remain in orbit for years, if not decades, threatening spacecraft in a wide orbital region that's heavily used by existing spacecraft. The ISS orbits generally around 300 km - 400 km, and took aforementioned precautions around the debris field. SpaceX Starlink satellites orbit around 550 km, incidentally, a low orbit chosen so that they'll deorbit and burn up after their service life is over to avoid adding to the problem of space junk in LEO. The Hubble Space Telescope orbits at 540 km, and the Chinese space station Tiangong similarly orbits between 340-450 km.
India's ASAT missile, launched in 2019. Credit: Press Information Bureau, Indian Ministry of Defence
A similar test by India in 2019 drew ire as well, though by virtue of occurring at a lower altitude and with less political context, perhaps was not quite as poorly received as today's Russian test. Current modelling suggests that most of the fragments from the Indian test, which destroyed the Microsat-R satellite at an altitude of 270 km, would deorbit relatively quickly, within the next few years.
Conversely, a Chinese test in 2007 targeted the FY-1C weather satellite at a much higher altitude of 865 km, leaving debris in a much higher orbit. Over half of the debris from the test still orbits above 850 km, and is expected to remain in orbit for decades or centuries to come. In 2011, a piece of the destroyed satellite passed within six kilometers of the ISS, highlighting the very real dangers of such activity.
The Soviet Union (later Russia) and the United States have both run significant anti-satellite weapons development programs since the dawn of the space era. Each side has tested a variety of approaches, taking in everything from ground-launched and aircraft-launched missiles, to laser systems and other fancier ideas such as satellites that could take down other satellites kinetically or by other means.
A Standard Missile-3 (SM-3) launched from the U.S. Navy AEGIS cruiser USS Lake Erie was used to destroy a non-functioning National Reconnaissance Office satellite in 2008. At the time, the satellite was at just 247 kilometers altitude, meaning most of the debris quickly deorbited due to atmospheric drag. Credit: US Navy, public domain
Meanwhile, the most recent publicaly-known test from the United States involved the use of an RIM-161 Standard Missile 3 missile to shoot down a failed National Reconnaissance Office satellite designated USA-193, in 2008. The RIM-161 missile was designed for an anti-ballistic missile role, making it well-suited to the anti-satellite mission. The stated reason for the destruction was that the satellite was deemed to be a hazard, carrying 1,000 pounds of toxic hydrazine fuel that could threaten human lives if reentry happened over a populated area.
However, Russian statements claimed that the hydrazine fuel was merely an excuse to test an anti-satellite weapon in the wake of the Chinese test in 2007. Speculation at the time was that this could lead to a new arms race in space.
The US, Russia, India, and China have successfully tested ASAT weapons, with sour enough results already. In any case, with today's active test of a Russian ASAT weapon, as well as many rumblings of other anti-satellite tests in recent years, it seems that space may now be more weaponized than ever. Such activity poses a major risk to all spacefaring activities, and many will hope that testing quickly ceases once all countries involved are done proving their points and rattling their sabres. As always, time will tell.
#news #antisatellite #asat #leo #lowearthorbit #nasa #satellite #spacejunk
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