Question: does the "minimalism" stereotypically attributed to Northern and Central Europe have any connections to Protestantism? I'm specifically thinking of the latter's aniconic/iconoclastic tendencies.
#histodons #earlymodern #earlymoderneurope #C19th #contemporaryhistory #design #designhistory #materialhistory @histodons
Over the #earlymodern period different practices to manage conflicts and guarantee peace agreements were established that Laufs and Wenzel will introduce to us. Thus, illustrating the ingenuity but also the limits of #emdiplomacy. (6/6)
But diplomats did not only try to settle conflicts, they tried to prevent them! Peace treaties and truces were provided with treaty sureties that aimed at safeguarding the agreements. Negotiating these sureties could be difficult and conflictual, too. (5/6)
#emdiplomacy #EarlyModernEurope #peacemaking #peace #earlymodern
Together Laufs and Wenzel tackle the important question of conflict management. How did #emdiplomats deal with conflicts? What practices were established?
Key to #earlymodern conflict management were mediation and arbitration as practices with a long tradition going back to the Middle Ages. Here, a third party tried to mediate and help find a compromise between the conflicting parties. (4/6)
#emdiplomacy #history #EarlyModernEurope #mediation #peacemaking
@histodons @historikerinnen @earlymodern
Often the agreed amounts were only paid out after the mission’s completion, and the travel and subsistence expenses, which were often agreed upon separately, were carefully checked and settled, and in some cases even refused.
For many #emdiplomats, debts were not uncommon at the place of assignment; especially for bourgeois representatives in lower-ranking positions, diplomatic activity could mean financial ruin. (7/8)
@histodons @historikerinnen @earlymodern
The concept of finance in the early modern period is a very broad & the transition to gifts, bribery & corruption is rather fluid. So, we also recommend the article by Mark Häberlein on gift-giving. (4/8)
https://hcommons.social/@emdiplomacy/115360255960220982
#EarlyModernEurope #economicHistory #emdiplomacy #giftGiving
@histodons @historikerinnen @earlymodern
Surprisingly, the question of the financial side of emdiplomacy has received little attention in research apart from the trope of the poorly paid diplomat or the prince who could not send his own envoy for financial reasons. (3/8)
#emdiplomacy #earlymodern #EarlyModernEurope #history #economicHistory
@histodons @historikerinnen @earlymodern
In his article Osborne describes diplomatic ceremonial as an important part of a ”holistic package of diplomacy that utilised space and material culture alongside actual protocols”.
Diplomatic ceremonial as strange as it might sometimes appear for modern eyes, was a tool for communicating and ordering interaction – for diplomats at foreign courts as well as between the diplomats themselves. (3/6)
Cripping Contagion: A Long History of Epidemics as Mass-Disabling Events
https://digpodcast.org/2025/04/27/cripping-contagion/
#DisabilityHistory #18thCentury #19thCentury #20thCenturyHistory #DisabilityHistory #EarlyModernEurope #HistoryOfMedicine #leprosy #polio #syphilis #USHistory #podcast #histodons #history @histodons
A few weeks ago one of editors @LenaOetzel visited Versailles for the first time. Listening to the audioguide she felt the strong need to talk about #earlymodern female diplomatic/political actors and how they are represented in popular culture (or at least in this audioguide...).
True to the motto that every month is #WomensHistoryMonth, here is a thread about the women of Versailles - or at least two of them. (1/7)
#emdiplomacy #emdiplomats #Versailles #earlymodern
#France #EarlyModernEurope
@histodons @historikerinnen @earlymodern
@historikerinnen @histodons @earlymodern
Lower-ranking envoys often resided in place for decades and thus built networks that enabled them to compensate for the disadvantages of their low status. Their lack of access to the ruler was compensated for by their contacts with members of the court.
Neither have these lower-ranking agents and residents nor their networking and its importance for the functioning of #emdiplomacy been researched in detail, as Externbring and Ferber highlight. The same is true for the #emdiplomat's household. (9/10)
@historikerinnen @histodons @earlymodern
An institutionalised education for #emdiplomats was lacking. Normally, their recruitment was part of an administrative or courtly career. Depending on the nature of the mission, the envoy had a legal education or he combined high birth and the master’s favour. (7/10)
Although the transition from medieval to #emdiplomacy was far more fluid than described in older research, the emergence of a new type of political and diplomatic actor can be characterized as specific for the 16th century: the learned councilors.
Over the 16th and 17th centuries an increasing number of diplomatic actors could be seen, while the foreign politics and thereby also foreign relations became more and more monopolised by the sovereigns.
#emdiplomats were mostly recruted from the nobility due to their rank which should reflect the prestige of the master appropriately. They were often accompanied by jurists from the bourgoisie who were educated at humanist schools & therefore were international experienced. (5/10)
25 Sven Externbrink/Magnus Ulrich Ferber: Diplomatic Actors: Social Profile, Education and Careers (1/10)
https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110672008-027
#emdiplomacy #emdiplomats #EarlyModernEurope #earlymodern
@historikerinnen @histodons
The CfP for the upcoming ΛΑΓΩΟΣ workshop on “Diaries of Scholarship. Comparative Perspectives on Diary-writing in Early Modern and Modern Europe” is now out! https://lagoos.org/2025/04/04/lagoos-workshop-diaries/ The event will take place on 19.09.2025 in Innsbruck. 📖📓📜 #NeoLatin #earlymoderneurope #histodons
This week is conference week for our editor @LenaOetzel . She has the pleasure of discussing “Transfer, Taste & Consumation. France and the Habsburg Empire in the early modern period” @dhiparis . This is the last part of a series of workshops in the project “TravArt. Travelling Artifacts, Taste and Consumption” that looked at the processes of exchange between the different lines of the house of Habsburg. (1/7)
@histodons @historikerinnen @earlymodern
#emdiplomacy #EarlyModernEurope #MaterialCulture
@FAU @womenknowhistory @histodons @earlymodern
Félicité picks up on the fascinating example of trading companies: Although no sovereign powers from a European perspective, they acted quite independently in Asia for example and in fact helped the European monarchies establishing diplomatic contacts. She argues that “these institutions both co-produced diplomacy and were produced by diplomacy.” Thus, focussing on the sending institutions of #emdiplomacy deepens our understanding of early modern European political culture and state formation in general. (5/5)
#emdiplomacy #diplomacy #EarlyModernEurope #history #earlymodern
@FAU @womenknowhistory @histodons @earlymodern
Therefore, in a second step, Félicité discusses the diversity of political entities that enganged in diplomacy. These were not only the great powers and European kingdoms, but also smaller political actors, such as duchies or city states or even trading companies or religious orders. For these precarious actors diplomatic interaction was in a way key to their political survival. It kept them in the game and contributed to stabilizing their status. (4/5)
#emdiplomacy #tradingcompanies #diplomacy #EarlyModernEurope
It’s still #WomensHistoryMonth and we are happy to introduce you to one of our great female authors: Indravati Félicité is professor for early modern history @FAU and expert on #emdiplomacy and international relations. Her monograph on the relations between France and the Hanseatic cities and the Northern German duchies is published in French and German. (1/5)
@histodons @historikerinnen @earlymodern
Braun & Bechtold stress that diets were a diplomatic sphere sui generis, especially with regard to the ceremonial, that differed not only from courtly #diplomacy but also from #emdiplomcy at #peacecongresses, although both of course were points of references.
Furthermore, they ask for more comparative studies that compare the Imperial diet in its different forms as diplomatic spheres and places of international interaction with other assemblies of the estates, such as the Swiss Tagsatzung or the Polish Sjem.
Only the, can we understand the characteristics of #emdiplomacy at assemblies of the estates. (7/7)
#HRE #HRR #earlymodernDiet #PerpetualDiet #earlymodernEstates #EarlyModernEurope #emdiplomacy
