The ancestors of the #Menominee Indian Tribe of #Wisconsin built earthen mounds to grow crops. The site could be the largest preserved archaeological field system in the eastern United States
by Sarah Kuta - Daily Correspondent
June 10, 2025
"Hundreds of years before the arrival of the first Europeans, #Indigenous farmers were growing crops like squash, corn and beans in earthen mounds they built on Michigan’s Upper Peninsula.
"The mounds—created by the ancestors of the Menominee Indian Tribe of Wisconsin—likely represent the largest preserved archaeological field system in the eastern United States, according to a study published this month in the journal Science.
"Archaeologists discovered the mounds in May 2023 during the brief window between winter and spring. The winter snow had melted, but the leaves had not yet appeared on the trees. They surveyed 330 acres using a drone equipped with a laser that mapped subtle features on the surface—a remote sensing technique known as lidar.
"The team mapped an area that has cultural and historical importance to the Menominee. Located along the #MenomineeRiver on the #MichiganWisconsin border, this region is known as #AnaemOmot, or the 'Dog’s Belly.'
"The lidar uncovered a quilt-like pattern of parallel ridges that range from four to 12 inches tall. The mounds extend beyond the study area, suggesting the ancestral Menominee agricultural system was ten times larger than previously thought.
"The fact that the mounds still exist is unusual.
" 'Most field systems have been either lost or destroyed due to intensive land use across most of North America, through farming, including pastures and the cutting down of trees for urban development,' says co-author Jesse Casana, an anthropologist at Dartmouth College, in a statement.
"The research gives scientists a 'little window' into what #PreColonial life was like for the ancestral #MenomineePeople, Casana adds.
"During their excavations, the scientists also found several artifacts, including charcoal and fragments of broken ceramics. These discoveries suggest that the area’s Indigenous farmers may have dumped their household waste and the remnants of fires onto their fields, using them as #compost. Samples taken from the mounds suggest the farmers enriched the dirt with soil from nearby wetlands.
"The results indicate that ancestral Menominee people dedicated a lot of time and energy to agriculture in a remote area. The team has not found any significant settlement sites in the region—only a few small villages.
" 'It requires a lot of labor to create these fields, to clear the forest,' says Susan Kooiman, an anthropologist at Southern Illinois University Edwardsville who was not involved with the research, to NPR’s Nell Greenfieldboyce. 'This is dense forest, now and then. To clear it, only with stone tools, is a lot of labor, a lot of work. … The amount of work, and just how far these fields extend, is beyond anything that I think people suspected was going on this far north in eastern North America.' "
https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/massive-field-where-native-american-farmers-grew-corn-beans-and-squash-1000-years-ago-discovered-in-michigan-180986758/?utm_source=firefox-newtab-en-us
#FirstNations #IndigenousHistory #Menominee #TraditionalFoods #TraditionalFarming