A small minority of well-born men exercised despotic power over their fellow citizens in the name of an aristocratic conception of society, on two occasions around 400 BC.
After military defeat, "the Athenian Ekklesia (Assembly) soon divided into three camps: those who favored a "patrios politeia" (ancestral constitution), those who desired to keep a democracy, and those who wanted an oligarchy." Opposition to any resolution was mainly led by the democratic faction. Debate and inaction continued until September 404 BC, when the Spartans chose to intervene. They asked the Athenians to choose thirty men to manage all polis affairs.
"The Thirty at first avoided crafting a definite constitution. They sought instead to a) establish an interim functioning government; b) eliminate opponents; and c) reform the laws".
Details: https://www.worldhistory.org/The_Thirty_Tyrants/
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