#Milestone4 — #IonicScroll
#ModulatingSpirals https://pixelfed.social/p/Splines/792906324854792619
#ReverseEngineer #ImageScans https://pixelfed.social/p/Splines/793215298082967733
#ScrollSurface #scaffolding https://pixelfed.social/p/Splines/793597613908557570
#SecondaryCurves https://pixelfed.social/p/Splines/794105734853818690
#Sweeping with #TertiaryCurves https://pixelfed.social/p/Splines/794203007066866034
#Smoothness with #SurfaceBlend https://pixelfed.social/p/Splines/794868875707070193
Solid #Scroll https://pixelfed.social/p/Splines/795276076797088402
#Milestone3 — #IonicColumn https://pixelfed.social/p/Splines/792803978865652429
#Milestone2 — Classic #IonicEntablature https://pixelfed.social/p/Splines/791021871062069787
#Milestone1 — #IonicPedestal https://pixelfed.social/p/Splines/790752092700055739
#modulatingSpirals
After we diligently sweep the remaining sections of the #scroll surface as described in https://pixelfed.social/p/Splines/794203007066866034, we get a complete surface ready for a quality check using a #surfaceAnalysis tool known as #environmentMapping.
Environment mapping is similar to #textureMapping that I used in https://pixelfed.social/p/Splines/790701780235593999 to give a marble look to a finished design, except that the purpose of an #environmentMap is not to create a finished design, but just to temporarily wrap an image on a surface to check it by "eye."
Here, we see the scroll surface with a polished gold environment map. For many uses, this surface is adequate. But if you are looking for perfection, you will not be able to ignore the #banding on the scroll surface, precisely at each interstitial location — There are 5 distinct bands from 6 #modulatingSpirals.
The banding is caused by our #tertiaryCurves which are #continuous over the scroll surface, but not #smooth. Mathematically speaking, the tertiary curves are not #continuouslyDifferentiable over their entire length. So, is it time for #quaternaryCurves and sweeping the scroll surface again, section by section?
There is an easier way to achieve a smooth patina on the scroll surface using #surfaceBlend. We used #curveBlend, specifically #tangencyBlend in https://pixelfed.social/p/Splines/791723063470910081 and https://pixelfed.social/p/Splines/791794072490907090, and #arcBlend in https://pixelfed.social/p/Splines/792616677005177924.
To build the scroll surface using surface blends, we keep only the front 5 sections and the rear five section intact. That is because these sections are the most definitionally rich and impart the whole surface its distinctive look.
We discard the bands immediately adjacent to the front and rear bands — ones that are 14 units and 7 units deep. Then we split the remaining middle band that is 25 units deep into 18 and 7, with the larger section biased toward the front.
Environment mapping is similar to #textureMapping that I used in https://pixelfed.social/p/Splines/790701780235593999 to give a marble look to a finished design, except that the purpose of an #environmentMap is not to create a finished design, but just to temporarily wrap an image on a surface to check it by "eye."
Here, we see the scroll surface with a polished gold environment map. For many uses, this surface is adequate. But if you are looking for perfection, you will not be able to ignore the #banding on the scroll surface, precisely at each interstitial location — There are 5 distinct bands from 6 #modulatingSpirals.
The banding is caused by our #tertiaryCurves which are #continuous over the scroll surface, but not #smooth. Mathematically speaking, the tertiary curves are not #continuouslyDifferentiable over their entire length. So, is it time for #quaternaryCurves and sweeping the scroll surface again, section by section?
There is an easier way to achieve a smooth patina on the scroll surface using #surfaceBlend. We used #curveBlend, specifically #tangencyBlend in https://pixelfed.social/p/Splines/791723063470910081 and https://pixelfed.social/p/Splines/791794072490907090, and #arcBlend in https://pixelfed.social/p/Splines/792616677005177924.
To build the scroll surface using surface blends, we keep only the front 5 sections and the rear five section intact. That is because these sections are the most definitionally rich and impart the whole surface its distinctive look.
We discard the bands immediately adjacent to the front and rear bands — ones that are 14 units and 7 units deep. Then we split the remaining middle band that is 25 units deep into 18 and 7, with the larger section biased toward the front.
The #secondaryCurves derived in https://pixelfed.social/p/Splines/793641134563617634 with 4 #modulatingSpirals are sufficient for a rough draft when #3DPrinting, but sweeping the scroll surface using these curves still causes subtle wobbles. These wobbles generate undercuts that precludes #CNCMilling with 3-axis machines depending on orientation, and that requires 5-axis #CNC machines instead.
To ameliorate that situation, I added 2 more interstitial frames labeled K and L, where k is 14 units in front of P, and L is 7 units behind Q. The size of K is 58.24 x 81.92 and that of L is 54.88 x 78.72. In other words, K is wider by 2.24 and taller by 1.92 compared to P and Q, while L is narrower by 1.12 and shorter by 1.28 compared to P and Q.
K is offset from P in the front view by 0.64 at top, 1.28 at bottom, 1.44 at left, and 0.80 at right. L is concentric with Q in the front view with top and bottom insets of 0.64 and left and right inset of 0.56. How I derived these is too complicated to discuss within #Pixelfed character limits.
Obviously, the scale factors for the spiral at K are 58.24/112 in X direction and 81.92/128 in Y direction. The scale factors for the spiral at L are 54.88/112 in X direction and 78.72/128 in Y direction.
So, using these 6 modulating spirals, we again identify the tangent points with their respective frames and #project straight lines through these points on the scaffolding surface to get 6 higher-accuracy secondary curves.
The diagram shows 6 blue #primaryCurves we extracted from #imageScans in https://pixelfed.social/p/Splines/793169876757012827 and https://pixelfed.social/p/Splines/793215298082967733 along with 6 new magenta secondary curves. The outlines we extracted from #Vignola’s antique images in 2-dimensions finally leap into 3-dimensions in a modern #CAD tool.
The blue primary curves are no longer needed for this design, but don't discard them. They are beautifully proportioned and can be used in other designs.
To ameliorate that situation, I added 2 more interstitial frames labeled K and L, where k is 14 units in front of P, and L is 7 units behind Q. The size of K is 58.24 x 81.92 and that of L is 54.88 x 78.72. In other words, K is wider by 2.24 and taller by 1.92 compared to P and Q, while L is narrower by 1.12 and shorter by 1.28 compared to P and Q.
K is offset from P in the front view by 0.64 at top, 1.28 at bottom, 1.44 at left, and 0.80 at right. L is concentric with Q in the front view with top and bottom insets of 0.64 and left and right inset of 0.56. How I derived these is too complicated to discuss within #Pixelfed character limits.
Obviously, the scale factors for the spiral at K are 58.24/112 in X direction and 81.92/128 in Y direction. The scale factors for the spiral at L are 54.88/112 in X direction and 78.72/128 in Y direction.
So, using these 6 modulating spirals, we again identify the tangent points with their respective frames and #project straight lines through these points on the scaffolding surface to get 6 higher-accuracy secondary curves.
The diagram shows 6 blue #primaryCurves we extracted from #imageScans in https://pixelfed.social/p/Splines/793169876757012827 and https://pixelfed.social/p/Splines/793215298082967733 along with 6 new magenta secondary curves. The outlines we extracted from #Vignola’s antique images in 2-dimensions finally leap into 3-dimensions in a modern #CAD tool.
The blue primary curves are no longer needed for this design, but don't discard them. They are beautifully proportioned and can be used in other designs.
#SeeFeelTouchHug
In both #art and #engineering, one must be able to both #see and #feel things that might not be there (yet).
We were able to "see" the outlines of the #scroll surface from #imageScans of #Vignola's sketches in https://pixelfed.social/p/Splines/793169876757012827 and https://pixelfed.social/p/Splines/793215298082967733.
Vignola's images are on a 2-dimensional surface, as are the outlines we extracted from them. We believe the scroll surface also exists, but it is not yet manifest in 3-dimensional space. So, like a visually impaired person, we try to "feel" our way to the scroll surface using the outlines as our #walkingStick.
This diagram is identical to that in https://pixelfed.social/p/Splines/793493316852849994 but with the rear ends of the horizontal #primaryCurves marked with R1, R5, and R3, which are paired with F1, F5, and F3, respectively.
We know that the scroll surface must #touch the tangent points T1, T2, and so on in front, as well corresponding tangent points in the rear (not shown here to reduce clutter).
In https://pixelfed.social/p/Splines/792906324854792619, I mentioned that a scroll starts with a volute in front and is #modulated by as many as six volutes of different shapes and sizes as it reaches the back, with the scroll surface tightly hugging the volutes at EACH contact point in ALL 3 dimensions. In other words, it is not sufficient for the scroll surface to "touch" the #volute #spirals just in the front and rear. It must also "hug" the intermediate #modulatingSpirals. I will first show this technique with 4 modulating spirals using rectangles M, N, P, Q, and R as their frame, and add more later on.
Intuitively, we know that if we use curve F3-R3 as our walking stick on the straight vertical extrusion of that curve, we will feel the scroll surface *somewhere* on that extrusion along every point from front to back. We can narrow it down further by excluding portions above and below as we approach rectangle R in the rear.
In both #art and #engineering, one must be able to both #see and #feel things that might not be there (yet).
We were able to "see" the outlines of the #scroll surface from #imageScans of #Vignola's sketches in https://pixelfed.social/p/Splines/793169876757012827 and https://pixelfed.social/p/Splines/793215298082967733.
Vignola's images are on a 2-dimensional surface, as are the outlines we extracted from them. We believe the scroll surface also exists, but it is not yet manifest in 3-dimensional space. So, like a visually impaired person, we try to "feel" our way to the scroll surface using the outlines as our #walkingStick.
This diagram is identical to that in https://pixelfed.social/p/Splines/793493316852849994 but with the rear ends of the horizontal #primaryCurves marked with R1, R5, and R3, which are paired with F1, F5, and F3, respectively.
We know that the scroll surface must #touch the tangent points T1, T2, and so on in front, as well corresponding tangent points in the rear (not shown here to reduce clutter).
In https://pixelfed.social/p/Splines/792906324854792619, I mentioned that a scroll starts with a volute in front and is #modulated by as many as six volutes of different shapes and sizes as it reaches the back, with the scroll surface tightly hugging the volutes at EACH contact point in ALL 3 dimensions. In other words, it is not sufficient for the scroll surface to "touch" the #volute #spirals just in the front and rear. It must also "hug" the intermediate #modulatingSpirals. I will first show this technique with 4 modulating spirals using rectangles M, N, P, Q, and R as their frame, and add more later on.
Intuitively, we know that if we use curve F3-R3 as our walking stick on the straight vertical extrusion of that curve, we will feel the scroll surface *somewhere* on that extrusion along every point from front to back. We can narrow it down further by excluding portions above and below as we approach rectangle R in the rear.
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