#mongol

World History Encyclopediawhencyclopedia@mstdn.social
2026-01-14

I would highly recommend Anthony Eastmond's 2017 "Tamta’s World: The Life and Encounters of a Medieval Noblewoman from the Middle East to Mongolia. #History #MiddleEast #Mongol #Mongolia #Noblewoman #Tamar #HistoryFact whe.to/ci/8-540-en/

2025-12-30

Imagining of a medieval Turkic horse archer

Liam O'Mara IV, PhDLiamOMaraIV
2025-12-15

Two events related to the conquests and the :
1256: took the capital of in Iran and scattered the ;
1270: surrendered after 17 years under siege, and the order ceased to exist.

2025-12-09

The University of Pennsylvania Press is offering 40% off available titles with code PENN-HOLIDAY25. 📚

They've got histories of the #DrugTrade (hint: it started earlier than you think), #pearls in the #Mongol Empire, and this 👇 history of how Black #enslavement in the #AtlanticWorld coexisted with powerful #African kingdoms. 🌍

pennpress.org/9780812224627/af

#history #histodons @histodons #bookstodon #BlackHistory #slavery

2025-11-16

Egyptian and Mongol cavalrymen clash

2025-11-09

The Battle of Hakata Bay during the Mongol invasion of Japan

2025-10-16

Mongol plates and jug, Azerbaijan, 13th-14th century AD

Mongol plates and jug, Azerbaijan, 13th-14th century AD

Manichaeism

This is a former world religion founded in the 3rd century CE by the Parthian prophet Mani in the Sasanian Empire. An adherent of Manichaeism was called a Manichaean, Manichean, or Manichee.

Manichaeism taught a complex dualistic cosmology describing the struggle between a good spiritual world of light, & an evil material world of darkness. Through an ongoing process that takes place in human history, light is gradually removed from the world of matter & returned to the world of light, whence it came.

Mani’s teaching was intended to combine, succeed, & surpass the teachings of Platonism, Christianity, Zoroastrianism, Rabbinic Judaism, Gnostic movements, Ancient Greek religion, Babylonian & other Mesopotamian religions, & mystery cults. Manichaeism reveres Mani as the final prophet after Zoroaster, the Buddha, & Jesus.

This religion thrived between the 3rd & 7th centuries, & at its height was one of the most pervasive religions in the world. Manichaean churches & scriptures existed as far east as China & as far west as the Roman Empire.

Before the spread of Islam, it was briefly the main rival to early Christianity in the competition to replace polytheism. Under the Roman Dominate, Manichaeism was persecuted by the Roman State & was eventually stomped out in the Roman Empire.

The religion was present in West Asia into the Abbasid Caliphate period in the 10th century. It was also present in China despite gradually strict bans under the Tang Dynasty & was the official religion of the Uyghur Khaganate until its collapse in 830.

It experienced a resurgence under the Mongol Yuan Dynasty during the 13th & 14th centuries. However, it was consequently banned by the Chinese emperors. Manichaeism there became into Buddhism & Taoism.

Some historic Manichaean sites still exist in China, including the Temple of Cao’an in Jinjiang, Fijian, & the religion may have influenced later movements in Europe including Paulicianism, Bogomilism, & Catharism.

Mani was an Iranian born in 216 CE in or near Ctesiphon (now al-Mada’in in Iraq) in the Parthian Empire. According to the Cologne Mani-Codex, Mani’s parents were members of the Jewish Christian Gnostic sect known as the Elcesaites.

Mani composed 7 works, 6 of which were written in the late-Aramaic Syriac languages. The 7th, the Shabuhragan, was written by Mani in Middle Persian & he gave it to Sasanian emperor Shapur I. There’s no proof that Shapur I was a Manichaean, he did tolerate the spread of Manichaeism & didn’t persecute the religion or its adherents within his empire’s borders.

Manichaeism won the support of many high-ranking political figures. With the help of the Sasanian Empire, Mani began missionary trips. After failing to win the favor of the next generation of Persian royalty & experiencing the disapproval of the Zoroastrian clergy, Mani reportedly died in prison awaiting his execution by the Persian emperor Bahram I. His death date is estimated between 276-277 CE.

Mani believed that the teachings of Jesus, Buddha, & Zoroaster were incomplete. He’s believed his revelations were for the entire world, calling his teachings the “Religion of Light.”

Manichaean writings suggest that Mani received revelations when he was 12 years old & again when he was 24. Over this period, Mani grew dissatisfied with the Elesaites, a Jewish Christian Gnostic sect, that he was born into.

Mani taught how the soul of a righteous individual returns to Paradise upon dying. But the souls of a person who persisted in things of the flesh – fornication, procreation, possessions, cultivation, harvesting, eating of meat, drinking of wine – is condemned to rebirth in a succession of bodies.

Mani began preaching at an early age & was possibly influenced by contemporary Babylonian-Aramaic movements like Mandaeism, Aramaic translations of Jewish apocalyptic works similar to those found at Qumran (Book of Enoch literature), & by the Syriac dualist-Gnostic writer Bardaisan, who lived a generation before Mani. With the discovery of the Mani-Codex, it also became clear that he was raised in the Jewish Christian sect of the Elcasaites & possibly influenced by their writings.

According to biographies preserved by ibn al-Nadim & Persian polymath al-Biruni, Mani received as a youth from a spirit. Whom he (Mani) would later call his “Twin,” Syzygos (“spouse, partner,” in the Cologne Mani-Codex), “Double,” “Protective Angel,” or “Divine Self.” This spirit taught him wisdom that he then developed into a religion.

It was his “twin” who brought Mani to self-realization. Mani claimed to be the Paraclete of the Truth promised by Jesus in the New Testament. Paraclete is a word used, in Christian theology, to refer to the Holy Spirit & is translated as “advocate,” “counsellor,” or “helper.”

Jesus, in Manichaeism, possessed 3 separate identities: Jesus the Luminous, Jesus the Messiah, & Jesus patibilis, or the Suffering Jesus.

As Jesus the Luminous, his primary role was as supreme revealer & guide. It was Jesus who woke Adam from his slumber & revealed to him the divine origins of his soul & its painful captivity by the body & mixture with matter.

Jesus the Messiah was a historical being who was a prophet of the Jews & a forerunner of Mani. Manichaeans believed that he was wholly divine, & he never had a human birth. The Christian doctrine of a virgin birth was regarded as obscene. Since Jesus was the Light of the World, where was this light, they reasoned, when Jesus was in the womb of the Virgin? Jesus the Messiah was truly only born at his baptism. It was on this occasion that the Father openly acknowledged his sonship. The suffering, death, & resurrection of this Jesus were in appearance only & a prefiguration of Mani’s own martyrdom.

The pain suffered by the imprisoned Light-Particles in the whole of the visible universe, on the other hand, was real & immanent. This was symbolized by the mystic placing of the Cross whereby the wounds of the passion of our souls are set forth. On this mystical Cross of Light was suspended the Suffering Jesus (Jesus patibilis) who was the life & salvation of man. This mystica crucifixio was present in every tree, herb, fruit, vegetable, & even stones & the soil. This constant & universal suffering of the captive soul is exquisitely expressed in 1 of the Coptic Manichaean Psalms.

St. Augustine of Hippo noted that Mani declared himself to be an “apostle of Jesus Christ.” Manichean tradition is also noted to have to have claimed that Mani was the reincarnation of religious figures from previous eras such as the Buddha, Krishna, & Zoroaster, in addition to Jesus Himself.

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#10thCentury #13thCentury #14thCentury #216CE #276CE #277CE #3rdCentury #3rdCenturyCE #7thCentury #830 #AbbasidCaliphate #Adam #alBiruni #alMadaIn #AncientGreek #Babylon #BahramI #Baptism #Bardaisan #Bogomilism #BookOfEnoch #Buddha #Buddhism #CaoAn #Catharism #China #Christianity #Cologne #Coptic #Cosmology #Cross #Ctesiphon #Dualistic #Elcesaites #Emperors #Europe #Fijian #Gnostic #GodTheFather #Hellenistic #HolySpirit #ibnAlNadim #Iran #Iraq #Islam #Jesus #JesusTheLuminous #JewishChristianGnostic #Jews #Jinjiang #Krishna #LateAramaicSyriac #LightParticles #Mani #ManiCodex #Manichaean #Manichaeism #Manichean #Manichee #Marcionism #Mesopotamia #Messiah #MiddlePersian #Mongol #MysteryCults #MysticaCrucifixio #NewTestament #ParacleteOfTheTruth #Paradise #Parthian #ParthianEmpire #Patibilis #Paulicianism #PersianEmperor #Platonism #Polymath #Prophet #Qumram #RabbinicJudaism #ReligionOfLight #RomanDominate #RomanEmpire #RomanState #SasanianEmperor #SasanianEmpire #Shabuhragan #ShapurI #StAugustineOfHippo #SufferingJesus #Syzygos #TangDynasty #Taoism #twin #UyghurKhaganate #VirginBirth #VirginMary #WestAsia #YuanDynasty #Zoroaster #Zoroastrianism

Institute for Iranian StudiesIranianStudies@hcommons.social
2025-07-06

New publication - a special issue of Medieval Worlds on knowledge transmission and manuscript cultures in Mongol Baghdad, with contributions from three of our researchers (Bruno De Nicola, Stefan Kamola, and Ghasem Gharib) is now out!

Find out more here:
doi.org/10.1553/medievalworlds

#manuscripts #medieval #mongol #baghdad #history

Zorz StudiosZorzStudios
2025-05-05

📰 Today's top stories, curated for you by Zorz Studios: zorz.it/newspaper

Working for : when it helps or hurts your ;
- 's 50mm f/1.4 L VCM : worth the high price?
- Claire Pettibone ;
- The best at the ;
- How to govern like a (), and more

📎🐸ZhSigma@332ppm≅Σx,x∈S={🌱💚🇪🇺λP(θ|y)⁂}learn-languages-world-lifestphrolland.bsky.social@bsky.brid.gy
2025-03-10

Our operation is aimed at #denazify ing the Steppes Eradicating the scourge of #russian nationalism Restoring the glorious traditions of the #Mongol #Empire We will not be deterred by the #propaganda of the #Western backed Moscow #elites seeking to portray our noble endeavor as an act of aggression

頑張るJapangivers
2025-02-08

companydata.tsujigawa.com/pres

株式会社エー・アール・シー(本社:東京都品川区、代表取締役:太田 貴之、以下「ARC」)は、モンゴルのソフトウェア開発スタートアップ企業NashaTech LLC.(ナシャテック、本社:ウランバートル、CEO:Chinbat Chindegsuren、以下「NashaTech」) への出資を実施し、戦略的パートナーシップ契約を締結しました。

本提携の背景には、モンゴル国内のICT人材育成の推進と、企業・自治体のデジタルトランスフォーメーション(DX)支援の強化があります。ARCは、2024年3月にモンゴル国内の技術カレッジ(モンゴル工業技術大学付属モンゴルコーセン技術カレッジ、モンゴル国立科学技術大学コーセン技術カレッジ、新モンゴル技術カレッジ、以下「モンゴル3高専」)と産学連携協定を締結し、ICT分野における教育プログラムの提供を行っています。

Ludovic :Firefox: :FreeBSD:usul@piaille.fr
2025-01-25

Salut je suis papa de trois enfants et d'un chien. J'habite au nord de #toulouse et au sud de #Montauban , ma femme tient le salon de thé #mongol de Toulouse. Je suis informaticien, encore assez #punk dans ma tête.
Je cause en français et en anglais.
Je partage mes lectures sur bookwyrm à @Usul@bw.diaspodon.fr
J'aime les jeux de rôle , de figurines et les wargames j'en cause à @debellum
J'aime partager des photos sois sur #pixelfed @Usul@pix.diaspodon.fr soit #flickr flickr.com/hirlimann
Enfin je blogue à. Https://ludovic.hirlimann.net et debellum.hirlimann.net
#introductionfr

Bibliolater 📚 📜 🖋bibliolater@qoto.org
2024-12-15

🔴 🎥 **The Life of Jochi Khan: First son of Genghis Khan**

The Jackmeister: Mongol History

🔗 (i) youtu.be/jvaMjlxuQNw

🔗 (ii) youtu.be/EkVeDsPg6lE

#Video #History #Histodon #Histodons #GenghisKhan #JochiKhan #Khan #Mongol #Empire @histodon @histodons

Hver eneste gang jeg hører på The Hu!, får jeg lyst til å bli soldat av Chinggis Khan - til tross for at - så vidt jeg vet, har jeg ingen mongolsk bakgrunn.
Disse tapre guttene vet hvordan man lager en cover versjon av en Maiden-klassiker!
#thehu #thisismongol #mongol

youtube.com/watch?v=2WrvFUZgHr

Ahoaho
2024-09-08

@VikingChieftain @kardinal691 really get the cultural inheritance feel here.

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