Lmst

A “cosmic carpool” is traveling to a distant space weather observation post https://arstechni.ca/nBpq #heliophysics #spaceweather #heliosphere #solarwind #Science #Space #IMAP #NASA #NOAA #Sun

Cool news - #NASA's new #imap mission is designed to investigate how the sun forms its #solarwind & how that solar wind interacts with interstellar space at the boundary of the #heliosphere

https://www.cnn.com/2025/09/24/science/heliosphere-spacex-nasa-imap-launch

La NASA y la NOAA lanzan tres naves espaciales para cartografiar la influencia del Sol en el espacio https://www.nasa.gov/news-release/la-nasa-y-la-noaa-lanzan-tres-naves-espaciales-para-cartografiar-la-influencia-del-sol-en-el-espacio/ #NASA #NASAEnEspañol #CarruthersGeocoronaObservatoryGLIDE #EarthScience #Exosphere #GoddardSpaceFlightCenter #Heliophysics #Heliosphere #IMAPInterstellarMappingAndAccelerationProbe #KennedySpaceCenter #ScienceResearch #ScienceMissionDirectorate

NASA, NOAA Launch Three Spacecraft to Map Sun’s Influence Across Space https://www.nasa.gov/news-release/nasa-noaa-launch-three-spacecraft-to-map-suns-influence-across-space/ #NASA #IMAPInterstellarMappingAndAccelerationProbe #CarruthersGeocoronaObservatoryGLIDE #EarthScience #Exosphere #GoddardSpaceFlightCenter #Heliophysics #Heliosphere #KennedySpaceCenter #ScienceResearch #ScienceMissionDirectorate #SpaceWeather

NASA's IMAP Mission (Trailer)

#Heliosphere #Imap #Trailer

▶️ 1 new video from NASA (SVS) https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:NASA%27s_IMAP_Mission_%28Trailer%29_%28SVS14896_IMAPTrailer_1080_H264_NoDate%29.webm

The #unibern is part of NASA's IMAP mission to explore the boundaries of the #heliosphere—the protective bubble of #solar wind that surrounds our solar system. IMAP aims to gain revolutionary insights into solar wind, #space weather, and interstellar space. https://mediarelations.unibe.ch/media_releases/2025/media_releases_2025/university_of_bern_involved_in_nasa_mission_to_explore_the_heliosphere/index_eng.html

Upcoming Launch to Boost NASA’s Study of Sun’s Influence Across Space https://science.nasa.gov/science-research/heliophysics/upcoming-launch-to-boost-nasas-study-of-suns-influence-across-space/ #NASA #CarruthersGeocoronaObservatoryGLIDE #Heliophysics #Heliosphere #IMAPInterstellarMappingAndAccelerationProbe #NOAANationalOceanicAndAtmosphericAdministration #SolarWind #SpaceWeather #TheSun #TheSunSolarPhysics

NASA Invites Media to Learn About New Missions to Map Sun’s Influence

NASA will hold a media teleconference at 12 p.m. EDT on Thursday, Sept. 4, to discuss the agenc…
#NewsBeep #News #Headlines #CarruthersGeocoronaObservatory(GLIDE) #GoddardSpaceFlightCenter #Heliophysics #HeliophysicsDivision #Heliosphere #IMAP(InterstellarMappingandAccelerationProbe) #KennedySpaceCenter #Latvia #LaunchServicesProgram #LV #ScienceMissionDirectorate #SolarTerrestrialProbesProgram
https://www.newsbeep.com/89342/

NASA Invites Media to Learn About New Missions to Map Sun’s Influence https://www.nasa.gov/news-release/nasa-invites-media-to-learn-about-new-missions-to-map-suns-influence/ #NASA #Heliophysics #CarruthersGeocoronaObservatoryGLIDE #GoddardSpaceFlightCenter #HeliophysicsDivision #Heliosphere #IMAPInterstellarMappingAndAccelerationProbe #KennedySpaceCenter #LaunchServicesProgram #ScienceMissionDirectorate #SolarTerrestrialProbesProgram

The Heliosphere Within The Milky Way Galaxy

#GalacticCosmicRays #Heliosphere #Imap #L1 #LagrangePoints #MilkyWay #SolarCycle #SolarParticleEvent

⏩ 3 new pictures and 4 new videos from NASA (SVS) https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:ListFiles?limit=13&user=OptimusPrimeBot&ilshowall=1&offset=20250823125728

IMAP_Traveling_to_L1_(SVS14888_-_Geospace2025_IMAP_GSE_RE_clockSlate_CRTT_HD1080_p30_H264_00300_print).jpg

IMAP_Traveling_to_L1_(SVS14888_IMAP_Trajectory_to_L1_1080_H264_00001_print).jpg

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The_Heliosphere_and_Galactic_Cosmic_Rays_(SVS20409).jpg

TROPICS Eyes Hurricane Erin

#Atmosphere #AtmosphericPhenomena #Atmosphericscience #Constellation #CubeSat #EarthScience #Heliosphere #Hurricanes

⏩ 2 new pictures and 2 new videos from NASA (SVS) https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:ListFiles?limit=6&user=OptimusPrimeBot&ilshowall=1&offset=20250822125635

TROPICS_Eyes_Hurricane_Erin_(SVS5576).jpg

Lagrange Point 1 Animation ☀️🌎

#Earth #EnergeticNeutralAtoms(ENA) #Exosphere #Geocorona #Heliosphere #LagrangePoints #NeutralAtomImaging #SolarWind

⏩ 1 new picture and 2 new videos from NASA (SVS) https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:ListFiles?limit=9&user=OptimusPrimeBot&ilshowall=1&offset=20250723125839

New_Missions_to_L1_(SVS5567_-_IMAP_GSE_RE_clockSlate_CRTT_HD1080_00900).jpg

New_Missions_to_L1_(SVS5567_-_SWFO-L1_GSE_RE_clockSlate_CRTT_HD1080_00900).jpg

A new paper argues that tropical forests 252Ma (million years ago) got eliminated and this elimination caused Earth to cross a #climate tipping point.

From the Introduction: "The latest Permian to Early Triassic was a period of intense environmental and biotic stress. During the Permian–Triassic Mass Extinction (PTME) at ~252 Ma, around 81–94% of marine invertebrate species and 89% of terrestrial tetrapod genera became extinct. It is generally agreed that the PTME was driven by volcanogenic carbon emissions from Siberian Traps volcanism, potentially coupled with additional thermogenic releases, resulting in intense greenhouse warming."
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-025-60396-y "Early Triassic super-greenhouse climate driven by vegetation collapse" by Zhen Xu et al 2025

Pic 1 shows the Earth system configuration at 250Ma (a different planet so don't try to apply their findings to today's Earth😁 )

Judd, Tierney's CO2 and temperature evolution go separate ways at 250Ma.
CO2 concentration directly after the mass extinction event is badly constraint, uncertainty spans from 2000 down to 200ppm.
This large uncertainty makes it indeed possible that "intense greenhouse warming" followed the mass extinction at 250Ma. But the uncertainty span also allows the hypothesis that GHG were not responsible for the temperature rise 250Ma, and that there was no "super-greenhouse climate" nor "driven by vegetation collapse".

What then?
I am reminded of https://www.nature.com/articles/s41550-024-02279-8 "A possible direct exposure of the Earth to the cold dense interstellar medium 2–3 Myr ago" by Opher et al 2024.
This study, and a few others published by the same team last year, took the software #Gaia by ESA and saw that our solar system was visited by – or travelled through – a cloud of hydrogen in that time, precisely 4 million years ago to ~700 thousand years ago.
Their paper comes with an interactive app to see when it started and ended https://faun.rc.fas.harvard.edu/czucker/Paper_Figures/Interactive_LxCC.html

At 2.7Ma, the cloud was so dense that it shrank the heliosphere which otherwise protects Earth from cosmic radiation.
Further more, the cloud's hydrogen destroys Earth's ozone layer in the stratosphere and in the mesosphere.

A destroyed ozone layer causes mutations in organisms, eg. cancers, and increases insolation = heats up the planet.

Above the stratosphere is the earth's washing machine where OH radicals bomb #methane molecules and other gases to bits.
I don't know how the abundance of OH radicals is affected by increased exposure to cosmic rays. I only mention it as a potential additional factor for temperature evolution during a cloud traversal.

"Polar mesospheric ozone becomes significantly depleted, but the total ozone column broadly increases. Furthermore, we show that the densest NLCs lessen the amount of sunlight reaching the surface instantaneously by up to 7% while halving outgoing longwave radiation." from https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2024GL110174 "Earth's Mesosphere During Possible Encounters With Massive Interstellar Clouds 2 and 7 Million Years Ago" by Miller, Opher et al 2024 (same team as above).
More Ozone in the total column = more heating (as opposed to ozone in the stratosphere/mesosphere where it serves as coolant by deflecting sunlight back into space).
"Halving outgoing longwave radiation" by NLC= noctilucent clouds (see pic 2) is also a warming factor.

Now, maybe this hydrogen cloud was a small one which affected our sun's #heliosphere from 4 million years ago to 700thousand years ago.

Maybe, the galactic region through which our #SolarSystem hurls is also home to larger clouds, and maybe, 250Ma our sun and Earth encountered such a larger one.
Large enough to have enough time to raise temperature by 10°C for a couple million years – in that particular Earth land-oceans-biomes configuration in 250Ma.

And maybe, this was also just when lotsa radioactive stuff from a #supernova happened to fly through space as well.
Which then added to the mutations from the vanished ozone layer.
=Mass extinction.

Radioactive stuff from supernovae is found in Earth crust as 60Fe and 244Pu. They have half-lives of 2.62mio and 8mio years respectively.
And indeed, their abundance increases during the period of the most recent known "Gaia cloud" traversal:
"Our results show that the 60Fe signal onset occurs around 2.6 Ma to 2.8 Ma, near the lower Pleistocene boundary, terminates around 1.7 Ma, and peaks at about 2.2 Ma." https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.1601040113 "Time-resolved 2-million-year-old supernova activity discovered in Earth’s microfossil record" by Ludwig et al 2016.

Sadly, these half lives are too short to use as proxy for a potential cloud traversal in 250Ma.
But maybe, #astrophysics can think of a similar proxy and #geology can search for it?

#TippingPoint #atmosphere #chemistry #PaleoClimate

Screenshot of a video of Chris Scotese's two-hemispheric tectonic model from his Youtube channel, with a line chart on top of 485 million years evolution in global mean temperature and CO2 concentration by Judd, Tierney et al 2024.
Shown is the tectonic model at 250Ma.

The Western hemisphere is one large landmass spanning from pole to pole and covering over half of the circle. The Eastern hemisphere reveals continuous landmass in the Southern third of the circle and a bit in the Arctic with a piece of landmass the size of China extending to the equator.

Temperature evolution just before and after 250Ma:
during the preceding ~2 million years, it dropped from 23°C to 19°C. On the dot at 250Ma, it abruptly rose from 19 to 29°C, stayed there for 1 million years, then started to decline and was back to 23°C 10 million years later. Then it dropped yet a bit further at 238Ma, the uncertainty spans from 12 to 20°C . But came right back up to 23°C and stayed there until 180 million years ago.
That it stayed at 23°C indicates that this particular ocean-land configuration was "capable" of 23°C and outside influences were responsible for system fluctuations IF these occurred.

CO2 evolution during all this time: about 1000ppm.
Only the 5mio years after 250Ma show a large uncertainty from 2000 to 200ppm.
Notably no blip before the 250Ma border, and no clear diverging directly after either.
That temperature drop and rise must have been caused by other factors than greenhouse gases.

Schematic of Earth's atmospheric layers up to 100km height, with their altitude, cloud types and other main features.
The Ozone layer is in the Stratosphere, 20 to 30km high.

I’m not a conspiracy theorist or a flat-earther… but I find it very suspicious that they have things measured in Kelvin and Fahrenheit light-years away from earth, yet at the edge of our solar system aliens refuse to use Celsius. It just doesn’t add up…. 😜

#Voyager #heliosphere #heliopause

https://www.iflscience.com/nasas-voyager-spacecraft-found-a-30000-50000-kelvin-wall-at-the-edge-of-our-solar-system-79454

In Ascension by Martin MacInnes

https://ramblingreaders.org/book/326813/s/in-ascension

Just before listening to this I read this article https://www.iflscience.com/nasas-voyager-spacecraft-found-a-30000-50000-kelvin-wall-at-the-edge-of-our-solar-system-79454 in which I was introduced to the words heliopause & heliosphere. Both of which play an important part in this book.

#audiobooks #scifi #books #heliopause #heliosphere

Interstellar Transition to G Cloud: Solar System Moving Into The Unknown

https://michaeltheanon.blogspot.com/2025/05/interstellar-transition-to-g-cloud.html

#space #exploration #curiousity #interesting #heliosphere #spaceweather

IMAP Testing and Integration at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center

#Agriculture #Crop/PlantYields #Heliosphere #Imap #Iowa #LandSurface/agricultureIndicators #NDVI #PlantCharacteristics

⏩ 1 new picture and 2 new videos from NASA (SVS) https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:ListFiles?limit=13&user=OptimusPrimeBot&ilshowall=1&offset=20250412125831

2020_Iowa_Derecho_(SVS31341_-_Iowa_derecho_landsat_sentinel_ndvi_2048x1152).png

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NASA’s SPHEREX and PUNCH Missions Launch from Vandenberg Space Force Base

#Corona #CoronalMassEjections #EUVImaging #EarthScience #ExtremeUltravioletImaging #Heliopause #Heliophysics #Heliosphere

⏩ 2 new pictures and 2 new videos from NASA (SVS) https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:ListFiles?limit=12&user=OptimusPrimeBot&ilshowall=1&offset=20250318130125

SciTech Chronicles. . . . . . . . .Feb 18th, 2025

https://bit.ly/stc021825

#Ryugu #salt #precipated #sodium #solar-wind #beryllium-10 #interstellar #heliosphere #LIDAR #Zapotec #Guiengola #Tehuantepec #AI #decode #aphasia #converter #Ba3SiO5 #ruthenium #ammonia #mixed-anion

@waystation 🌌 Saviez-vous que notre système solaire se déplace à 369 km/s (1,33 million de km/h) vers le superamas de Shapley ? 🚀 L'héliosphère, une bulle protectrice générée par le vent solaire, joue un rôle crucial en filtrant 75 % des rayons cosmiques nocifs. 🌠 Elle protège notre planète et influence l'évolution des espèces depuis des millions d'années. 🌍✨ #Astronomie #Héliosphère #SystèmeSolaire #RayonnementsCosmiques #SuperamasDeShapley

#heliosphere

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