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#Neutralization and #Stability of #JN1-derived #LB1, #KP23, #KP3 and #KP311 #Subvariants http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.09.04.611219v1?rss=1

We report on the neutralizing #antibody (nAb) #escape, infectivity, #fusion, and stability of these subvariants-LB.1, KP.2.3, KP.3, and KP.3.1.1. Our findings demonstrate that all of these subvariants are highly evasive of nAbs elicited by bivalent #mRNA #vaccine, the #XBB15 monovalent mumps virus-based vaccine, or from infections during the BA.2.86/JN.1 wave.

Immunogenicity and #efficacy of #XBB15 rS #vaccine against the #EG51 #variant of #SARS-CoV-2 in Syrian #hamsters, J Virol.: https://journals.asm.org/doi/full/10.1128/jvi.00528-24?af=R

Thus, based on these study results, the protein-based XBB.1.5 vaccine is immunogenic and increased the breadth of protection against the Omicron EG.5.1 variant in the Syrian hamster model.

“According to the federal government, 23 per cent of #BritishColumbians have been vaccinated with the #XBB15 vaccine, which was first distributed in the fall of 2023 and offered again through this spring’s 2024 campaign.

This represents one of the highest vaccination rates in the country, where the national average is 18 per cent vaccinated — but it’s still less than one-third of #BC.’s population, and that #COVID strain is no longer dominant,”

#SARS-CoV-2 #BA4/5 #infection triggers more cross-reactive FcγRIIIa signaling and #neutralization than #BA1, in the context of #hybrid #immunity, J Virol.: https://journals.asm.org/doi/full/10.1128/jvi.00678-24?af=R

Although this is consistent with enhanced neutralization and FcγRIIIa signaling breadth of BA.4/5 vaccine boosters, the reduced activity against #XBB15 supports the need to update vaccines with XBB sublineage immunogens to provide adequate coverage of these highly antibody evasive variants.

#Durability of #XBB15 #Vaccines against #Omicron #Subvariants, N Engl J Med.: https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMc2402779?query=TOC&cid=DM2342986_Non_Subscriber&bid=-1971795569

Overall, the XBB.1.5 vaccines were effective against omicron subvariants, although less so against #JN1. Effectiveness was greater against #hospitalization and #death than against infection, and it waned moderately from its peak over time. The ramping and waning patterns were broadly similar to those of the bivalent boosters against BQ.1–BQ.1.1 and XBB–XBB.1.5.3

Characteristics of #JN1-derived #SarsCoV2 #subvariants #SLip, #FLiRT, and #KP2 in neutralization #escape, #infectivity and membrane #fusion http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.05.20.595020v1?rss=1

Interestingly, #antibodies in #XBB15 monovalent vaccinated hamster sera robustly neutralized FLiRT and KP.2 but had reduced efficiency for SLip.

#Virological characteristics of the #SarsCoV2 #KP2 #variant http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.04.24.590786v1?rss=1

Particularly, KP.2 shows the most significant #resistance to the #sera of monovalent #XBB15 #vaccinee without #infection (3.1-fold) as well as those who with infection (1.8-fold). Altogether, these results suggest that the increased immune resistance ability of KP.2 partially contributes to the higher Re more than previous variants including JN.1.

Evaluating #Humoral #Immunity Elicited by #XBB15 Monovalent #COVID19 #Vaccine, Emerg Infect Dis.: https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/30/6/24-0051_article

We report boosting of #IgG (2.1×), #IgA (1.5×), and total IgG/A/M (1.7×) targeting the #spike receptor-binding domain and neutralizing titers against WA1 (2.2×), XBB.1.5 (7.4×), #EG51 (10.5×), and #JN1 (4.7×) variants.

[Correspondence] #Effectiveness of #XBB15 #vaccines and #antiviral drugs against severe #outcomes of #omicron infection in the #USA https://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/article/PIIS1473-3099(24)00150-6/fulltext?rss=yes

#XBB15 monovalent #mRNA #vaccine #booster elicits robust neutralizing #antibodies against #XBB subvariants and #JN1, Cell Host Microbe: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2024.01.014

• An XBB.1.5 booster markedly enhanced neutralization of SARS-CoV-2, including JN.1
• An XBB.1.5 booster induced similar antibody titers to XBB infection
• Omicron infection followed by XBB.1.5 booster yielded the highest antibody titers
• Our findings supported recommendations for broad use of the updated XBB.1.5 booster

🇳🇿New Zealand: New COVID vaccine now available in NZ - here’s what you need to know | nzherald.co.nz

#COVID19NZ #COVIDvaccine #XBB15 @auscovid19

Source: https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/nzs-new-covid-19-vaccine-rolls-out-today-heres-what-you-need-to-know/4KUSJQXXB5DZHAICME5O4DHJ44/

NZ’s new Covid-19 vaccine rolls out today - here’s what you need to know
By Jamie Morton 7 Mar, 2024 03:00 AM 4 mins to read
From today, Kiwis over 30 will be able to access the latest Covid-19 vaccine. How does it work and what makes it better than the last one? Science reporter Jamie Morton explains.
What makes this vaccine different?
By training our bodies on how to make the “spike protein” the coronavirus uses to hack into our cells – and then stimulating an immune response against it – the new vaccine works much in the same way Pfizer’s previous Covid-19 shots have

But because that spike protein changes as the virus morphs to dodge our defences, vaccines need to be updated to combat the latest strains.
Whereas the most recent shot rolled out here targeted both the “original” virus and the Omicron subvariants behind 2022′s winter wave, the one available from today is more closely matched to the XBB.1.5 strain.
“It means the immune system is solely focused on responding to this slightly morphed variant,” University of Auckland vaccinologist Associate Professor Helen Petousis-Harris said.
Responsible for many Covid-19 cases last year, this strain has itself since been largely squeezed out of circulation by the surprisingly dominant JN.1 - but most of what’s spreading today is descended from or closely related to XBB.1.5.
How effective is it?
Given the vaccine has been in use for less than a year – NZ is behind many other countries in deploying it – “real-world” data on how well it works is limited.
But early studies show promising results, especially when it comes to the vaccine’s main job: preventing severe sickness.
One from Denmark indicated it reduced the risk of hospitalisation among older people by 76 per cent, compared with those who hadn’t been boosted in the short-term.
Another focused on older people and carried out in the Netherlands suggested it to be similarly effective at keeping people out of hospital and intensive care.

Can everyone get it?
As with the last vaccine, Te Whatu Ora has restricted free eligibility to Kiwis aged over 30, with exceptions for high-risk people aged over 12, and those who are pregnant and older than 16.
“The risk of severe disease is low in healthy people under 30 years of age,” Ingram said.
Te Whatu Ora Health New Zealand national public health service national director, Dr Nick Chamberlain, said the Government wasn’t looking at changes to access.
“If we were to consider changes to the eligibility criteria, we’d consult publicly to ensure feedback from the healthcare sector and the community is considered before making a decision.”
Chamberlain said the vaccine was “especially recommended” to more vulnerable groups, including over-65-year-olds, Māori and Pasifika people aged over 50, and those severely immunocompromised.
When’s the best time to get it?
For most of us, it’s a good idea to get the vaccine if it’s been at least six months since your last boost – or infection.
“If you had a Christmas dose of Covid, then you’d perhaps be looking at the middle of the year as the best time to get boosted,” Petousis-Harris said.
In a population now well-exposed to the virus, she said most Kiwis would now have “hybrid immunity” - or background protection conferred from both the vaccine and infection.

Altered #receptor #binding, #antibody #evasion and retention of T cell recognition by the #SARS-CoV-2 #XBB15 #spike protein, Nat Commun.: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-024-46104-2

-- while the XBB.1.5 #variant has retained efficient human receptor binding and gained #antigenic alterations, it remains susceptible to recognition by T cells induced via vaccination and previous infection.

{Research Letter} Adverse #Events After #XBB15 -Containing #COVID19 #mRNA #Vaccines, JAMA: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2815787?guestAccessKey=0726a751-3d5a-4fe9-8684-8def4f77331a&utm_source=silverchair&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=article_alert-jama&utm_content=olf&utm_term=022624&adv=000003602429

-- In a nationwide cohort of more than 1 million adults aged 65 years and older, no increased risk of 28 adverse events was observed following vaccination with a monovalent XBB.1.5-containing vaccine.

#Virological characteristics of the #SARS-CoV-2 #Omicron #XBB15 #variant, Nat Commun.: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-024-45274-3

-- We provide intrinsic pathogenicity of XBB.1 & XBB.1.5 in hamsters. ...we find that #ORF8 nonsense mutation of XBB.1.5 resulted in impairment of #MHC suppression. In vivo experiments using recombinant viruses reveal that XBB.1.5 mutations are involved with reduced virulence of XBB.1.5... our study identifies 2 viral functions defined difference between XBB.1 & XBB.1.5.

Link-Gelles R, Ciesla AA, Mak J, et al. Early #Estimates of Updated 2023–2024 (Monovalent #XBB15) #COVID19 #Vaccine #Effectiveness Against Symptomatic #SARS-CoV-2 #Infection Attributable to Co-Circulating #Omicron Variants Among Immunocompetent Adults — Increasing Community Access to Testing Program, #USA, Sept 2023–Jan 2024. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2024;73:77–83. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7304a2

A spring #COVID19 booster? #NACI has released updated guidelines https://globalnews.ca/news/10226042/spring-2024-updated-covid-vaccine-canada-naci/ “in the spring of 2024, NACI recommends that the following Canadians who are at increased risk of severe illness from COVID-19 may receive an additional dose of #XBB15 vaccine”

@alice my spouse was boosted #xbb15 Novavax December 2 & had prior 3 Novavax & 3 Pfizer

He won the genetic lottery & never got Covid despite me being fully sick 2x, has never gotten Covid until Dec 30th

However this current monster variant got him & tbh I’m not exactly sure how… b/c we are EXTREMELY extremely careful

I think it was the hallway air coming in via opening door despite🪟🌬️a bunch of times on the 27th where I was lax about nagging him to😷

anywhose..just FYI

-- En relación con la #Covid19, explicó en un artículo publicado en la página web del Minsap, que en los últimos dos meses del 2023 y los días transcurridos del 2024 se ha identificado principalmente la presencia de tres #subvariantes de #Ómicron: #XBB15, #XBB19 y #XBB116, clasificadas por la OMS como de interés o bajo vigilancia.

-- The significant increase in anti-S #IgG, expansion of diverse S-specific MBC populations, and enhanced neutralising responses position the updated #XBB15 #vaccine as a critical #tool for enhancing #protection in vulnerable populations against evolving #SARS-CoV-2 #variants.

[Correspondence] Immune responses following #BNT162b2 #XBB15 #vaccination in patients on #haemodialysis in #Germany https://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/article/PIIS1473-3099(23)00783-1/fulltext?rss=yes

#xbb15

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