Neutralizing #antibody #evasion of #SARS-CoV-2 #JN1 derivatives #KP3, #KP311, #LB1, and #XEC
Source: BioRxIV, AbstractThe emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants poses ongoing challenges to vaccine efficacy. We evaluated neutralizing antibody responses against JN.1 and its derivatives (KP.3, KP.3.1.1, LB.1, and XEC) in healthcare workers who received seven doses of BNT162b2, including XBB.1.5 monovalent vaccine. In COVID-19-naive individuals, KP.3.1.1 and LB.1 showed…
#Russia sees sharp rise in #SARS-CoV-2 #variants that bypass #immunity, https://ria.ru/20240913/rospotrebnadzor-1972432927.html
"In the last two to three weeks, the proportion of circulating variants of the new coronavirus strains #KP3 and #LB1, which are part of the #FLiRT sublineage, has increased by 2.5 times in the Russian Federation," the release says.
#Neutralization and #Stability of #JN1-derived #LB1, #KP23, #KP3 and #KP311 #Subvariants http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.09.04.611219v1?rss=1
We report on the neutralizing #antibody (nAb) #escape, infectivity, #fusion, and stability of these subvariants-LB.1, KP.2.3, KP.3, and KP.3.1.1. Our findings demonstrate that all of these subvariants are highly evasive of nAbs elicited by bivalent #mRNA #vaccine, the #XBB15 monovalent mumps virus-based vaccine, or from infections during the BA.2.86/JN.1 wave.
#Escape of #SARS-CoV-2 #variants #KP11, #LB1 and #KP33 from approved #mAbs http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.08.20.608835v1?rss=1
#Sipavibart neutralized JN.1.1 but lost antiviral efficacy against KP1.1, LB.1 and KP3.3. Our results highlight the need for a close clinical monitoring of Pemivibart and raise concerns about the clinical efficacy of Sipavibart.
Why does it feel like everyone is getting Covid? Covid summer surge explained
kirisakow@mastodon.pirateparty.be
@monde
Lu aujourd'hui dans Vox :
🦠 les derniers variants du (de la) COVID-19 en plein essor aux États-Unis sont FLiRT (ensemble de dérivés du variant JN.1) et LB.1 ;
💉 les vaccins actuellement sur le marché, développés contre les variants omicron, sont peu efficaces contre FLiRT / JN.1, mais le prochain lot le sera.
https://www.vox.com/coronavirus-covid19/367150/covid-surge-summer-wave-pandemic-vaccine-booster-mask
#Pemivibart is less active against recent #SARS-CoV-2 #JN1 #sublineages http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.08.12.607496v1?rss=1
Pemivibart neutralized both JN.1 and #KP2 in vitro with comparable activity, whereas its potency was decreased slightly against #LB1, #KP23, and #KP3 but substantially against #KP311. Critically, the 50% inhibitory concentration of pemivibart against KP.3.1.1 was ~6 g/mL, or ~32.7 fold higher than that of JN.1.
The virological characteristics
of SARS-CoV-2 KP.3.1.1
These results suggest that KP.3.1.1 has the potential to be predominant due to its higher infectivity and increased immune evasion. In particular, #S31del in spike, the common mutation in KP.3.1.1, LB.1 and KP.2.3, is likely to be a key mutation.
KP.3.1.1 (JN.1.11.1.3.1.1). This variant harbors these mutations.
KP.3.1.1 spike = KP.3 spike + S31del. 4/
Good Afternoon SARS2PAians!
I apologize for my late post today and not posting at all last week. The situation did not change all that much last week so there was not that much new info to go on anyway.
Also, most virologists are slowly getting more absorbed into the more potentially devastating H5N1 pandemic currently playing out in the animal kingdom, which is totally understandable but...still takes away from SARS2/C19 discussion. 😣
🔴Just a quick reminder that if you need to keep windows and doors shut during this 🔥HEATWAVE🔥, you might want to start using or build a Corsi-Rosenthal Box as keeping houses and businesses tightly shut against the elements is diametrically opposed to virus control.
__________
VOCs
There are no recent drastic changes in the COVID19 landscape so far.
Nationally, KP.2.3 in the lead, and quite a few mutations based on KP.3 right after.: https://ibb.co/jgsnv72
The newest mutation to watch seems to be KP.4.1 which is in very low numbers, currently under 1%, for now.
There are no specifics on the Tableau site so for for PA as far as mutations are concerned.
In NY/NJ, LB.1.7 in the lead, and again KP.3.1.1 is shown to move fast over there at 10% of leaderboard share.: https://ibb.co/vCFVRmN
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+rate
Nationally, according to Walgreens, the +rate is going almost stright up. No doubt the East being shut inside for extreme hot/humid weather is NOT helping this, as is waning vaccination effectiveness due to mutational drift.: https://ibb.co/8M4ZFMb
🔴PLEASE get vaccinated when JN.1/KP.2 versions come out in the next few months.
Out of about 5,000 PCR tests done, over a third (39.6%) are positive.
This is a STRONG swing upward that started in April.
The swing upward is mirrored in PA, but only 52 tests have been done. If you aren't feeling well, PLASE use a home test and stay home if you are sick!: https://ibb.co/WnymxfP
__________
Wastewater
WastewaterSCAN has numbers considered HIGH nationally even though the CDC site is considering them LOW. (🙄): https://ibb.co/C7z96yy
Wastewater levels are LOW compared to the first Omicron wave but HIGH considering that we should not be experiencing this increased sickness in July at all.
In our HHS region, Region 3, we have quite a few stations reporting quickly rising numbers. Harrisburg and Chester rising steadily and now surpasses the highest stations in Maryland, which has been consistently high.: https://ibb.co/R7JXkND
Our region average has been going vertical in wastewater concentration in late June.: https://ibb.co/fSTXbPB
In Region 2 (NY/NJ), the Oakhurst Station has been going vertical and other stations steadily and slowly rising.: https://ibb.co/FzJL7BV
Again, extra caution by using quality air filteration (either by CR box or by a KN95, N95 or better respirator) will keep these numbers down for the summer.
Keep cool and have a GREAT WEEK! 🔥🔥🔥
#COVID19 #COVID #COVIDisNotOver #SARS2PA
#Pennsylvania #PA
#KP3 #LB1 #DeFLiRT #S31Del #KP41
#WearAMask #CleanTheAir #WashHands
#VaccinesSaveLives #StayHomeIfSick !
"A covid summer uptick is underway as FLiRT and LB.1 variants ascend..
"Covid infections are growing in nearly all states—with the sharpest increases in the West.
"The death toll of the ongoing summer uptick is not clear because fatality data takes several weeks to become accurate. In May, weekly deaths involving the coronavirus hovered in the low 300s, according to the CDC."
https://wapo.st/45N8pxn
#GiftArticle #covid #summer #flirt #lb1
Good Afternoon SARS2PAians!
I hope you're enjoying the beautiful weather today!! ☀️☀️☀️
__________
VOCs
Nationally, nothing really new as far as VOCs go, we still have KP.2.3 in the lead, with a very tight race for the top 5 slots on the leaderboard in random sequencing.: https://ibb.co/gjbxpV0
According to Sato Lab in Japan, KP.2.3 is blazingly fast (along with LB.1) and bears a mutation (S:S31del) that makes it immune resistant and more infectious.: https://x.com/SystemsVirology/status/1806464518270369889
Numbers rising already worldwide and in the US from these S-deletion mutations.
In PA, the LB.x.y set seems to be more successful than the KP.2.3 set. This doesn't mean we don't have both out there, but LB.1.7 is showing up more often in recent random sequencing.: https://ibb.co/s3VTsy4
KP.3.1 is also very fast, and the extremely tight race shows that this is a result of mutations that are ALL very fast and infectious.
In NY/NJ, LB.1.7 is at the top of the chart just like in PA. KP.2.3 is right behind it and other fast mutations are gaining, like LP.1.: https://ibb.co/HGDhcjm
Walgreens still has a huge portion of the lower 48 states in the highest positivity growth bracket.: https://ibb.co/1b64Kns
In PA, we're stable right now but numbers are comparable to a mid-winter illness level, and these are only the reported cases.: https://ibb.co/k8VV8Cv
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Wastewater
The PAWSS has a lot of increases across the board. Moderate increases in Allegheny, Indiana, Centre, Cumberland, MontCo and around Philly, and Delaware Cos. Some HIGH increases in Monroe Co.: https://ibb.co/JkWTcfh
🔴Vaccines with newer mutation formulas should be available in mid-July for Novavax and earliest Fall for mRNA (Moderna/Pfizer etc.). Moderna has announced they're interested in a JN.1 formula along with Novavax and is looking to start getting in arms in August. Pfizer is still leaning toward KP.2.
The FDA needs to be pushed to get these to kids BEFORE THE SCHOOL YEAR STARTS.
Please get you and your kid(s) vaccinated. Don't be That Guy.
Get whatever is available, as they'll definitely be more effective than year-old XBB shots.
If you have a strong reaction to the mRNA shots though you might want to switch to Novavax (I did!!) but it's usually harder to find.
That's all I have this week as not much has changed even though numbers are still going up. Consider wearing a quality respirator in crowds and in places with poor ventilation.
I hope you have a BEAUTIFUL day and a healthy early summer! ☀️☀️☀️
#COVID19 #COVID #COVIDisNotOver #SARS2PA
#Pennsylvania #PA
#KP3 #LB1 #DeFLiRT #S31Del
#WearAMask #CleanTheAir #WashHands
#VaccinesSaveLives #StayHomeIfSick !
''The #Re of #KP3 was more than 1·2-fold higher than that of #JN1 and higher than or similar to that of #KP2 in these countries. Notably, the Re values of #LB1 and #KP23 were higher than those of KP.2 and KP.3. These results suggest that the three #variants we investigated will spread worldwide, in addition to KP.2.2''
#Virological characteristics of the #SARS-CoV-2 #KP3, #LB1, and #KP23 #variants, Lancet Infect Dis.: https://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/article/PIIS1473-3099(24)00415-8/fulltext?rss=yes
JN.1 subvariants such as LB.1 (JN.1.9.2.1) and KP.2.3 (JN.1.11.1.2·3), which convergently acquired a deletion at the 31st position in S (Ser31del) in addition to the aforementioned substitutions, have emerged and spread as of June, 2024 (appendix pp 12–13).
"No evidence" new COVID variant LB.1 causes more severe disease, CDC says
https://www.cbsnews.com/news/covid-variant-lb-1-symptoms-no-evidence-more-severe/
🇺🇸US: COVID summer wave grows, especially in West, with new variant LB.1 on the rise.
"KP.3 has reached roughly a third of cases nationwide, up from 25% two weeks ago, and LB.1 makes up 17.5% of cases"
"Early lab data from scientists in Japan, which were released this month as a preprint that has yet to be peer-reviewed, found one of LB.1's mutations — a change called S:S31del, which KP.3 and JN.1 does not have — could enable it to spread faster."
@auscovid19 #COVID19US #KP3 #LB1 #COVIDsummerwave
Source: https://www.cbsnews.com/news/covid-summer-wave-grows-new-variant-lb-1/
Study: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.05.597664v1
Great summary thread from the bird place by TR Gregory, that sums up important mutations from last year and into the potential future.
https://threadreaderapp.com/thread/1804870573010387245.html
#COVID
#CovidIsNotOver
#covid19
#XBB #JN1 #KP2 #KP3
#LB1 #FLiRT
Good Afternoon SARS2PAians!
I hope you are staying safe under this unusually hot weather. Please drink lots of water, pace yourself in the hottest hours of the day, and avoid caffeine! 🔥☀️🔥
If you must keep windows and doors closed during peak heat hours, run that Corsi-Rosenthal box to keep air clean.
Extremely hot weather precautions (closing doors and windows) are diametrically opposed to SARS2 control, much like midwinter heat retention and smoke prevention, but source control is still possible!
__________
VOCs
Nationally, KP.3.x.y and LB.x.y are the latest fastest variants. KP.2.3 is at the top, just barely, at almost 6% of national random sequencing, and KP.2 is already on the way out from the upcoming takover of KP.3 and LB.x variants.: https://ibb.co/fSZ7WRn
KP.3.1 is already in 3rd place and KP.3.3 already in fourth. KP.3.x and LB.x already, together, makes the largest proportion of random sequencing.
We are collectively too slow to react usefully to this virus as of now. National numbers are starting to go up from the sheer immune escape of these latest variants.
IN PA, lots of troublesome variants here already. KP.2.3 and KP.3.1 already tied for FIRST place here at 13% of random sequencing each. LB.1 and LB.1.7 right behind.: https://ibb.co/ccCmVbX
:coronavirus: :coronavirus: :coronavirus: Please consider masking up with a quality respirator in crowded places so these immune-escaping variants are kept at bay....ESPECIALLY during intense heat which makes keeping doors and windows open harder, and BEFORE JN.1/KP.3 vaccinations are available. :coronavirus: :coronavirus: :coronavirus:
In NY/NJ, LB.1.7 already at the top of the chart with a solid 10% of share. These new mutations are FAST due to immune escape. Practice source control to have a healthy Summer!: https://ibb.co/QNj7YJy
The latest CDC NOWCAST reflects all this...it shows KP.3 at a solid 33% of new infections. :coronavirus::coronavirus:Together with LB.1, these two are estimated to at least HALF of current infections.:coronavirus::coronavirus:: https://ibb.co/6RCStZs
We can see the impact of immune escape variants in other metrics, too.
Walgreens already has a majority of Eastern and Southern states at the highest change in positivity ratio from the previous week, and has for a while now.: https://ibb.co/XjDY2DP
In PA, Walgreens has a third of new tests showing positives. Testing is horribly low but the proportion is going up every week, and more tests will probably be done as people feel they need them done.: https://ibb.co/rvvB06B
CDC Early indicators show definite increases in test positivity and esecially ED visits, up 12.6% since last week!: https://ibb.co/0MzPY8q
CDC has ED visits growing nationally. This is due to immune escape of new variants. PA is showing moderate increases in ED visits due to SARS2 diagnoses. The overall level is still minimal, but new variants will keep bumping these numbers up of people ignore source control.: https://ibb.co/3mnzXgj
You can see the obvious advantage KP.3 has over older variants in this chart (the leftmost variant): https://ibb.co/BgjGkTr
Chart by virologist Benji Murrell.: https://ibb.co/vHj7RKQ
Sadly, we remain one of the States reporting the highest proportional deaths in a three-month period. 225 people have passed in the past 3 months from COVID.: https://ibb.co/G0phq72
__________
Wastewater
WastewaterSCAN has national levels in SARS2 as HIGH in all regions.: https://ibb.co/jJSHb4V
In PA, lots of stations showing moderate increases in SARS2 material and increases are especially high in central Westmoreland Co. Pitt and Philly remain stable. No doubt this is due to newer immune-escaping variants.: https://ibb.co/qxfwg59
In our region, individual stations are showing medium and low levels individually but with a definite trend of many stations toward "high" levels.: https://ibb.co/tQFq4sZ
As immune-evasive mutations continue to permeate the State it's going to get increasingly important to perform some sort of source control. Mask up, stay home when sick, and run those Corsi-Rosenthal boxes if you need that A/C on!! 🔥☀️🔥
#COVID19 #COVID #COVIDisNotOver #SARS2PA
#Pennsylvania #PA
#FLuQE #Q493E #NOWCAST
#KP3 #LB1
#WearAMask #CleanTheAir #WashHands #VaccinesSaveLives #StayHomeIfSick !
Good Muggy Morning SARS2PAians! ☁️💐☁️
I hope you are having a safe Spring!
The top news lately are the newest variants causing country-wide summer waves including Spain: https://ibb.co/hRpvjt5
and Portugal: https://ibb.co/khTtyJX
They are KP.3.x.y and LB.x.y.
These new immune evasive variants are filling up hospitals and causing notable increases in deaths.
KP.3 is now the variant "grandfather" that is the fastest, the most immune evasive, and the most easily bound to cells. Specifically, the most watched upcoming variant is its grandchild, KP.3.1.1.
The newest variants that have a very good chance of causing a sizeable increase in numbers, if not a full blown-out wave, are variants of KP.3 that already have immune evasive mutations (FLuQE) but also have an advantageous specific spike deletion (S:S31del).
These new and fastest variants are immune evasive to BOTH current vaccinations, AND prior infections.
Nationally, KP.2 is still just barely at the top of the leaderboard. KP.2.3 is right behind it, already a variant that is being watched.: https://ibb.co/p0d8G8n
🔴KP.3.1.1 is absolutely blazing fast and burning through Spain, Portugal and other countries, and is part of KP-DEL31.
_____
NOTE: "KP-DEL31" is gonna be my nickname for it, not variant hunters or virologists. Just to call it something easily condensed and recognizeable for now. They might decide on a different nickname soon. These names are just for convenience. (You don't call your cousin Mister James Robert Smith every time, do you? You call him JimBob or Smitty. It just makes talking easier.)
_____
I've highlighted FLiRT in pink on the national screenshot but I'll drop it soon as KP-DEL31 becomes more and more relevant.
There's no specific results for PA on the Tableau site. Probably not enough testing here.
In NY/NJ, I've highlighted KP-DEL31 in green on the NY/NJ leaderboard, and as you can see, all the top 5 variants there have this very important spike deletion. But KP.3.1.1 is the variant to keep eyes on.: https://ibb.co/Jcv0rF7
KP.3.1.1 is already found (in only a few days!) in TX, NY, CA, CO, NJ, WA, and VA.
🔴If you've dropped wearing respirators for now you might want to reconsider putting them back on as KP.3.1.1 makes gains and spring moves along.
________________
Wastewater has returned to HIGH levels in the Eastern and Southern states. KP.2, KP.3 and LB.x.y variants are working together on driving this.: https://ibb.co/0nHqQPS
In our region, specifically testing in Maryland is showing a return to higher levels.: https://ibb.co/99MSpy0
The PA wastewater dashboard is showing LARGE increases in Philly, and sizeable increases in Centre and Indiana counties.: https://ibb.co/0J14Tty
MASK UP, oh my Philly ❤️️!
________________
Whoa I had a whole angry thing typed out here and juuuuuuust checked back on Twitter, and Dr. Eric Topol wrote just 2 hrs ago that the US FDA has changed its decision for the upcoming vaccine base!!: https://ibb.co/xzB6GVb
The newest mRNA vaccines will be based on KP.2 and NOT JN.1!
This is a wise decision and fantastic news!!
This will certainly better prepare us for Summer.
(NOTE: **Novavax** will have a JN.1 based booster. Novavax is completely different as it has proven effective through multiple years with ONE base so that vaccine will probably not have to be changed as often.)
_______________
🔴Even with vaccines, there are always other things we can do to practice source control!
keep those windows OPEN
wear a respirator
keep the air clean
move meetings outside
work from home
build a Corsi-Rosenthal box
stay home if you are sick!
Continue to have a great and safe Spring!! 💐💐💐
#COVID19 #COVID #COVIDisNotOver #SARS2PA #Pennsylvania #PA
#FLiRT #F456L #R346T #spike_f456l #spike_r346t
#FLuQE #Q493E
#KP2 #KP3 #LB1 #Moderna #Pfizer #Novavax
#WearAMask #CleanTheAir #WashHands #VaccinesSaveLives #StayHomeIfSick !
#Virological characteristics of the #SarsCoV2 #KP3, #LB1 and #KP23 #variants, BioRxIV, https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.05.597664v1?rss=1
Our results suggest that S #substitutions convergently acquired in #JN1 #subvariants contribute to immune evasion, & increase their Re when compared to parental JN.1. LB.1 & KP.2.3 exhibited higher pseudovirus #infectivity & more immune resistance than KP.2. Data suggest that S:S31del is critical to exhibit +infectivity, +immune evasion, & potentially contributes to increased Re.
Update for 6/7/2024!
Good morning SARS2PAians!
I hope you're enjoying this beautiful Spring 💐💐💐
__________
VOCs
Nationally, KP.2 barely holding on to the top slot on the leaderboard at 8.22%. Fast, immune-evasive LB.1 is directly behind and most likely will take over in a week or less.: https://ibb.co/Q6ZZhsN
Immune-evasive KP.3 is also on the way up.
In PA, KP.3 and LB.1 has not been found in hte (horribly low) random testing we're doing. LB.1 did show up earlier, and "not finding" doesn't mean it's not around, but to not find such a fast variant in qualtities to put it on the PA board is promising.: https://ibb.co/ZN8Nrfp
In NY/NJ, LB.1 has easily displaced KP.2 for the top slot, with LB.1 at almost 17% of share and KP.2 behind at 9%.: https://ibb.co/mRR03KB
Lots of new mutations added in the past few weeks to the latest CDC NOWCAST.: https://ibb.co/b7y1mXb
Even on here, KP.3 is shown to be predicted as the TOP circulating variant, with KP.2 sandwiched between it and also-new-and-evasive LB.1.
Due to antigenic drift/effective ACE2 binding/communal laxness in prevention, this is probably going to bump numbers up for the summer.
Eevn though numbers a still low nationally, Walgreens COVID19 dashboard has already had large increases of positivity in a large number of States.: https://ibb.co/WHcFZK3
Pennsylvania has been considered at a large increase for quite a while already on there.: https://ibb.co/mc0CbPq
JN.1.50, KP.3.2 and KP.2.3 (yes those numbers are weirdly reversed) are also very fast, very immune-landscape-elusive mutes to watch, too.
I hope that I'm wrong but it seems that we'll be drowning in a soup of fast varaints for the fall/winter. My opinion only: This winter might be...something else...if the wrong vaccine formula is used.
__________
Wastewater
Though numbers in PA are still relatively low, WastewaterSCAN has SARS2 levels at MEDIUM. Maryland/DC is starting to tick upward fast.: https://ibb.co/55JvPbt
PA WSS has McKean County showing heavy SARS2 material increases in wastewater, and moderstew increases in Philly.: https://ibb.co/8Pdz6MR
__________
Vaccine News
The most reliable viral geneticists and epidemiologists I'm watching has already said a JN.1 vaccine will be outdated.: https://ibb.co/vBgbr2g
🔴THIS IS NOT DUE TO VACCINES BEING INHERENTLY INEFFECTIVE. Do not spread that disnformation.
This is due to the superfast antigenic drift of SARS2, and also us being too slow to communally react to this virus. If a JN.1 vaccine is produced it will hardly effect any useful protection at all.: https://ibb.co/1dFTRKm
The fast rate which this virus gains mutations is absolutely not slowing down, and will most likely never slow down.
It is VITAL that corporate science (as in, the corporate producers of vaccines) keep up with mutations and if need be, drop outdated mutation bases FAST to change formula to one that will actually work effectively.
It is NECESSARY to even being the conversation now with KP.2.
We cannot afford to be slow in considering vaccination formulas or distribution.
Keeping the air clean is decidedly easier in better weather, but if numbers are going up in your area, PLEASE use some sort of source control. Wear a quality respirator, stay home if you are sick, test repeatedly with symptoms!
Enjoy your Spring and keep that air clean! 💐💐💐
#COVID19 #COVID #COVIDisNotOver #SARS2PA #Pennsylvania #PA #FLiRT #F456L #R346T
#spike_f456l #spike_r346t
#Q493E
#WearAMask #CleanTheAir #WashHands #VaccinesSaveLives #StayHomeIfSick !
update for 5/31/2024!!
Good Morning SARS2PAians!
I hope you are enjoying your Spring! 💐💐💐
I just have an update on VOCs as I have to run out the door, and also not much has changed in terms of numbers yet. I'm so sorry this is all I have time for right now.
Nationally, for VOCs, we have a lot of fast movers that might bump up numbers for the summer as they have elsewhere globally already. Looks like the fastest are going to be KP.3 and especially LB.1.: https://ibb.co/wzcJ05J
While we don't have any immensely increased numbers so far, nationally they are starting to slowly rise, and source control will be needed as these immune evasive and FAST variants catch on.
In PA, we have quite a few of the FLiRT variants (in pink) and upcoming immune evasive variants (in teal) coming up. Numbers for these new variants are low but might rise steadily as the spring goes on.: https://ibb.co/h1XS2hP
IN NY/NJ, LB.1 is already at the top of the chart 👀 and the speed of its rise is incredible considering how fast current variants are already!: https://ibb.co/dpRDrPd
Watching these new mutations will give a big clue on when to tighten up source control.
In the meantime, keep that air clean and just for future safety, keep a stock of N95s handy for H5N1 as it spreads through more and more domesticated animal species, the lastest which is alpacas. This is starting to make epidemiologists and viral geneticists kinda nervous.
Insist on full disclosure of animal health/testing/sequencing from farms. You might consider non-dairy milk, or maybe ultra-pasteurized milk. Another option is UHT, shelf-stable milk in sterile packaging (like Parmalat).
:coronavirus: DO NOT CONSUME RAW MILK OR UNDERCOOKED MEAT.:coronavirus:
Hope to have more time to do this on Moday (but not sure) so have a great weekend and be safe! 💐💐💐
#covid #Covid19 #SARS2PA #CovidIsNotOver #Pennsylvania #PA #FLiRT #F456L #R346T #spike_f456l #spike_r346t
