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Understanding Ham Radio Operating Modes: A Beginner’s Guide to SSB, CW, FM, and More

1,756 words, 9 minutes read time.

As you consider diving into the fascinating world of amateur radio, one of the most important areas to familiarize yourself with is the various operating modes used by ham operators. These modes define how signals are transmitted, which directly impacts the quality, reach, and efficiency of communication. In this guide, we’ll explore the most common ham radio operating modes, including Single Sideband (SSB), Continuous Wave (CW), Frequency Modulation (FM), and more. Understanding these modes will help you not only get a better grasp of how amateur radio works but also make you a more competent operator as you progress toward getting your ham radio license.

What Are Ham Radio Operating Modes?

Ham radio operating modes refer to the different ways a ham radio signal can be transmitted and received. Each mode has its own characteristics, advantages, and limitations, which affect the type of communication it is best suited for. Whether you’re communicating locally or across continents, choosing the right mode can make all the difference in the quality of your transmission. As a newcomer to ham radio, learning about these modes will help you choose the most suitable method for various communication scenarios. It’s a critical aspect of mastering the hobby and ensuring effective communication on the airwaves.

An Overview of the Common Ham Radio Operating Modes

Single Sideband (SSB)

Single Sideband (SSB) is one of the most popular modes used in amateur radio, particularly for long-distance communication. SSB is a type of amplitude modulation (AM) where only one sideband of the signal is transmitted, reducing the bandwidth and power requirements compared to traditional AM transmissions. This makes SSB particularly advantageous for communication over long distances, especially on the HF (High Frequency) bands.

In SSB, the carrier wave is suppressed, and only the upper or lower sideband is transmitted. This results in more efficient use of the frequency spectrum, allowing for clearer signals with less interference. Many ham radio operators prefer SSB for global communication because it’s capable of reaching farther distances with less power, which is important for operators who are working with limited equipment or those trying to make contacts in remote areas.

According to the ARRL (American Radio Relay League), SSB is particularly useful for DX (distance) communications. The frequencies used for SSB typically fall within the HF bands, and operators use SSB to make voice contacts, known as “phone” contacts. The convenience and efficiency of SSB have made it the go-to mode for many long-haul communications on the ham bands (source: ARRL – Ham Radio Modes).

Continuous Wave (CW)

Continuous Wave (CW) mode is a form of Morse code communication. In CW, a signal is transmitted as a series of on-off keying (dots and dashes), which represent letters and numbers in Morse code. While this may seem old-fashioned to some, CW remains one of the most effective modes for weak-signal communication, particularly under challenging conditions where voice transmissions might not be possible.

One of the biggest advantages of CW is its ability to operate effectively in low signal-to-noise conditions. The simple nature of the transmission makes it less susceptible to interference, and even very weak signals can be received and understood using CW. This mode is commonly used by operators seeking to make contacts in very distant locations, especially when there is a lot of atmospheric interference or in regions with poor propagation conditions.

CW is still widely used in ham radio today, especially for operators who are focused on maximizing their reach with minimal equipment and power. The ability to send Morse code manually or via automatic keyers gives CW a distinct appeal to those looking to hone their skills in a very traditional aspect of ham radio. In fact, many experienced ham radio operators swear by CW for its efficiency and ability to make reliable contacts even in adverse conditions (source: K7ON – CW and SSB Basics).

Frequency Modulation (FM)

Frequency Modulation (FM) is another popular mode, particularly on VHF and UHF bands. Unlike AM or SSB, where the amplitude or frequency is varied, FM works by modulating the frequency of the carrier wave. This results in high-quality, noise-resistant signals that are well-suited for local communications. FM is the standard mode used by repeaters, which are devices that extend the reach of ham radio signals by retransmitting signals received from lower-power stations.

FM is especially favored for short-range communication, such as local contacts or communication with repeaters, and it is most commonly used in the 2-meter and 70-centimeter bands. FM’s primary advantage is its resilience to interference, making it perfect for urban areas where noise is more prevalent. The clear, voice-quality signal that FM provides makes it ideal for informal conversations or emergency communication within a local area.

One of the main advantages of FM is the fact that once the signal reaches a certain level, the sound quality doesn’t degrade much, even if the signal strength weakens. However, FM has a limited range compared to SSB or CW and typically isn’t used for long-distance communication. The quality and simplicity of FM make it ideal for casual use and for beginner ham radio operators who are starting to experiment with their radios (source: Ham Universe – Modes of Operation).

Digital Modes

Digital modes have gained significant popularity in recent years due to advancements in technology and the ability to send information more efficiently. Digital modes, such as FT8, PSK31, and RTTY (Radio Teleprinter), use computer-generated signals to send and receive data. These modes can operate at very low power levels, which makes them perfect for weak signal propagation or for operators looking to maximize their battery life.

One of the most popular digital modes is FT8, a mode designed for weak-signal communication that allows operators to make contacts under extremely low signal-to-noise conditions. FT8 operates in narrow bandwidths, allowing multiple contacts to be made on a single frequency, even when propagation is poor. PSK31 is another widely used digital mode, particularly for keyboard-to-keyboard communications. It uses phase shift keying to transmit signals that can easily be decoded by a computer.

Digital modes are a fantastic way for new ham operators to make contacts with minimal power and without needing to master Morse code or voice communication. Digital signals are often more reliable in conditions where noise and interference would otherwise render voice or CW transmissions unusable. Many operators appreciate the challenge of fine-tuning digital signals and enjoy the flexibility that digital modes offer in terms of communication techniques and automation (source: eHam – Understanding SSB (Single Sideband)).

Amplitude Modulation (AM)

Although it is less commonly used today, Amplitude Modulation (AM) still holds a place in ham radio, especially among enthusiasts who enjoy experimenting with vintage equipment. AM is a form of modulation where the amplitude of the carrier wave is varied in accordance with the modulating signal, typically a voice or music signal. AM has a characteristic “wide” signal, which takes up more bandwidth compared to SSB. This can result in interference with other stations operating on the same frequency, which is one of the main reasons AM has fallen out of favor for general communication.

However, AM still has its applications, especially in certain historical contexts or for specialized communication, such as in aircraft communications or vintage radio operations. Some ham radio operators prefer to use AM for nostalgia’s sake, or they might enjoy operating within the AM portions of the bands, which can often be quieter and less crowded compared to the SSB portions. For those who enjoy the history and evolution of radio technology, operating in AM mode can be a fun and rewarding challenge (source: QRZ – Ham Radio Operating Modes).

Why Learning These Modes is Important for New Hams

As a new ham, understanding the various operating modes available will help you communicate more effectively and efficiently. It allows you to select the best mode for each situation, whether you’re trying to make a local contact on FM, reach across the globe using SSB, or send a weak signal over long distances with CW or digital modes. Furthermore, many modes are used during contests, emergency communications, and special events, so becoming proficient in multiple modes will enhance your overall ham radio experience.

In addition to improving your communication skills, learning different modes will also help you gain a deeper understanding of how radio waves propagate and how various factors such as power, frequency, and modulation affect signal transmission. This knowledge will not only make you a better operator but also help you troubleshoot and optimize your station setup for various conditions.

How to Get Started with These Modes

Getting started with different ham radio modes doesn’t require a lot of advanced equipment. Many beginners start with simple radios capable of operating in FM mode and gradually progress to more sophisticated transceivers that support SSB, CW, and digital modes. Local ham clubs are a great place to connect with experienced operators who can help you learn the basics of each mode.

Once you’re familiar with the theoretical aspects of ham radio modes, you can begin experimenting on air. Start by making simple local contacts on FM, and then try making longer-distance contacts using SSB. As you gain experience, you can explore CW or digital modes, which offer unique challenges and rewards.

Conclusion

Understanding the various operating modes of ham radio is essential for any new operator who wants to make the most of their hobby. Whether you’re communicating locally on FM or making global contacts with SSB or CW, each mode has its unique advantages and applications. By exploring these modes, you’ll not only enhance your communication skills but also deepen your appreciation for the technical side of amateur radio. So, dive in, experiment with different modes, and enjoy the world of ham radio communication!

D. Bryan King

Sources

Disclaimer:

The views and opinions expressed in this post are solely those of the author. The information provided is based on personal research, experience, and understanding of the subject matter at the time of writing. Readers should consult relevant experts or authorities for specific guidance related to their unique situations.

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Basic Electronics for the Amateur Radio Operator: What You Need to Know for Your Technician License

1,003 words, 5 minutes read time.

If you’re preparing for the Amateur Radio Technician License Exam, understanding basic electronics is a must. While you don’t need to be an electrical engineer, the exam includes fundamental concepts like Ohm’s Law, circuits, components, and RF safety. This guide will walk you through the essential topics, ensuring you’re ready for the test and your first steps as a ham radio operator.

Understanding Electricity: The Basics for Amateur Radio

Electricity is the movement of electrons through a conductor, like a wire. Three key electrical properties define how electricity behaves:

Voltage (V) is the force that pushes electrons through a circuit. It’s measured in volts (V).
Current (I) is the flow of electrons, measured in amperes (A).
Resistance (R) opposes the flow of electricity and is measured in ohms (Ω).

These three are tied together by Ohm’s Law, a fundamental equation in electronics:

V=I×R

This means if you know any two values, you can calculate the third. Understanding this equation is critical for both the exam and real-world troubleshooting.

Direct Current (DC) vs. Alternating Current (AC)

Electricity comes in two forms:

Direct Current (DC) flows in one direction. Batteries and solar panels produce DC.
Alternating Current (AC) changes direction many times per second. Household electricity is AC because it’s more efficient for transmission over long distances.

For amateur radio, most equipment runs on DC power, but you’ll also need to understand AC because radio signals are alternating currents that oscillate at high frequencies.

Essential Electronic Components and Their Functions

Several key electronic components appear on the Technician Exam. Here’s what they do:

Resistors limit current flow.
Capacitors store and release energy, often used in filtering circuits.
Inductors store energy in magnetic fields and are important in tuning circuits.
Diodes allow current to flow in only one direction, useful in rectifier circuits that convert AC to DC.
Transistors act as switches and amplifiers in radio circuits.

Understanding these basics helps you answer questions about circuit behavior and troubleshooting.

Series and Parallel Circuits

Circuits are made up of components arranged in either series or parallel:

In a series circuit, current flows through all components one after another. The same current passes through each, but the voltage is divided.
In a parallel circuit, components share the same voltage, but the current divides among them.

For the exam, you should know how voltage, current, and resistance behave in each type of circuit. For example, total resistance in a series circuit is the sum of all resistances, while in parallel circuits, total resistance is lower than the smallest individual resistor.

Basic AC Concepts and Frequency

Radio waves are AC signals that oscillate at different frequencies. Frequency (f) is measured in hertz (Hz) and tells us how many times per second the wave changes direction. One kilohertz (kHz) is 1,000 Hz, and one megahertz (MHz) is 1,000,000 Hz.

Ham radios operate in different frequency bands, such as:

VHF (Very High Frequency): 30 MHz – 300 MHz (e.g., 2-meter band)
UHF (Ultra High Frequency): 300 MHz – 3 GHz (e.g., 70-centimeter band)

Higher frequencies allow for shorter antennas and are good for local communication, while lower frequencies travel further.

Modulation: How We Send Information Over Radio Waves

Modulation is how a radio wave (carrier wave) carries information. The Technician Exam covers three main types:

Amplitude Modulation (AM): The signal strength (amplitude) changes with the voice signal.
Frequency Modulation (FM): The frequency of the wave changes to encode information. FM is more resistant to noise and is commonly used in VHF and UHF bands.
Single Sideband (SSB): A variation of AM that uses less bandwidth and is more efficient for long-distance communication.

Knowing these helps when selecting modes for different types of contacts.

Power, Batteries, and Safety

Most ham radios run on 12V DC power sources, such as batteries or regulated power supplies. It’s important to understand:

Battery safety: Overcharging or short-circuiting batteries (especially lithium-ion) can be dangerous.
Fuse protection: Many radios have built-in fuses to prevent excessive current draw.

Another key topic on the test is RF exposure safety. High-power transmissions can generate strong radio frequency (RF) radiation, which may cause health risks. To minimize exposure:

Maintain a safe distance from transmitting antennas.
Use the lowest power necessary for effective communication.
Follow FCC RF exposure limits for your frequency and power level.

Ohm’s Law in Real-World Ham Radio Applications

A common exam question might involve calculating current or voltage using Ohm’s Law. For example:

Question: If a radio operates at 12V and draws 2A of current, what is the resistance?

Using Ohm’s Law:

Understanding these calculations can help with troubleshooting and designing circuits.

Final Thoughts: Studying for the Exam and Beyond

The Technician License Exam covers these topics, but learning electronics doesn’t stop there. Once licensed, you’ll continue exploring concepts like antenna design, signal propagation, and digital communication.

Great resources for studying include:

ARRL’s Technician Class License Manual: The official guide with explanations and practice questions.
HamStudy.org: Free practice tests and flashcards.
QRZ.com Practice Exams: Simulated tests with real exam questions.

By mastering these basic electronics concepts, you’ll be well on your way to passing the exam and starting your journey in amateur radio. Keep practicing, get hands-on experience, and soon, you’ll be making contacts on the air!

D. Bryan King

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Exploring Satellite Communication for Amateur Radio Enthusiasts: Accessing the ISS and Beyond

2,453 words, 13 minutes read time.

https://open.spotify.com/episode/4bgSi0XQEZQHUSMoD2G5CG

Amateur radio has always been a fascinating hobby, offering endless opportunities for communication across the globe. But what if I told you that you could take it even further? Imagine sending a signal from your station that reaches the International Space Station (ISS) or even other satellites orbiting the Earth. This level of communication isn’t just for the professionals—it’s accessible to amateur radio enthusiasts with a little knowledge, the right equipment, and some patience. In this post, we’ll dive into the world of satellite communication, specifically how amateur radio operators can access the ISS and beyond.

Understanding Satellite Communication

Satellite communication, in the context of amateur radio, refers to using satellites to communicate over long distances, often through radio signals relayed by satellites in orbit. These satellites can be either geostationary, meaning they remain in a fixed position above Earth, or low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites, which move across the sky, passing over different locations as they orbit the Earth.

In amateur radio, the most common satellites are LEO satellites, which are ideal for short-range communications but provide exciting possibilities for global contact, such as accessing the ISS. These satellites are often used for Voice or Data transmission, with communication modes ranging from analog FM to digital modes like PSK31 and FT8.

Accessing the International Space Station (ISS)

One of the most thrilling aspects of amateur radio satellite communication is the opportunity to communicate with astronauts aboard the ISS. The ISS serves as an active hub for amateur radio operations through a program called ARISS (Amateur Radio on the International Space Station). This program allows amateur radio operators from around the world to make contact with the astronauts in orbit, provided certain conditions are met.

To get started with accessing the ISS, you’ll need a few key pieces of equipment and some knowledge of how satellite communication works. Here’s a more detailed look at what you’ll need:

1. A Suitable Transceiver

To communicate with the ISS, you’ll need a VHF/UHF transceiver that can transmit on the 144 MHz and 435 MHz bands. These frequencies are commonly used for satellite communications and specifically for operations involving the ISS. The VHF band (144-148 MHz) is used for uplink signals, meaning your signal from Earth to the satellite, while the UHF band (435-438 MHz) is used for downlink signals, meaning the satellite’s signal to you. A good transceiver that supports both of these bands will enable you to transmit and receive signals to and from the ISS.

In addition to frequency capability, it’s important that your transceiver has the necessary features to handle satellite communication. For instance, many amateur radio operators use radios with an Automatic Frequency Control (AFC) function to help mitigate issues with frequency drift, which can be caused by the Doppler effect as the satellite moves. Some radios also have built-in satellite modes that adjust for Doppler shifts automatically, making communication easier during high-speed passes.

2. A Directional Antenna

A directional antenna, such as a Yagi or an Arrow antenna, is essential for satellite communication with the ISS. Unlike a simple omni-directional antenna, which broadcasts in all directions, a directional antenna focuses the signal in one direction. This is critical because the ISS moves rapidly across the sky, and to maintain a strong, stable signal, you must point the antenna directly at the satellite.

The Yagi antenna is particularly popular among amateur radio operators for satellite communication because of its high gain and relatively compact size. If you’re just starting out, there are portable models available that can be easily set up and taken down. When you’re tracking the ISS, you’ll need to continually adjust the antenna’s direction as the satellite moves overhead. Having a high-quality, directional antenna will ensure you get the best possible signal strength and quality during these brief communication windows.

3. Tracking Software and Tools

Since the ISS orbits the Earth every 90 minutes, it will only be in range for a short window of time. To effectively communicate with the ISS, you need to know when it will be passing over your location, and where to point your antenna. Fortunately, there are a number of tracking software applications and websites that can help with this.

One of the most popular tracking tools is the Heavens-Above website, which provides real-time satellite tracking, including the ISS. Additionally, N2YO is another excellent resource for tracking the ISS and other satellites. These websites allow you to input your location and provide you with the exact time and trajectory of the ISS’s next pass over your area. There are also mobile apps available for iOS and Android, such as ISS Tracker and GoISSWatch, which provide real-time notifications when the ISS is about to pass.

Tracking software typically includes information like the satellite’s altitude and azimuth, showing you exactly where in the sky to point your antenna for optimal communication. Some programs even provide Doppler shift predictions, helping you adjust your frequency settings in real-time.

4. A Good Understanding of Satellite Passes

To make contact with the ISS, timing is everything. The ISS orbits the Earth roughly every 90 minutes, meaning it moves rapidly across the sky. Since the satellite only remains in range for a brief period, you’ll need to carefully plan your communication attempts around its pass schedule.

The pass of the ISS is predictable, and knowing when it will pass overhead is crucial to making contact. Each satellite pass lasts only a few minutes, and the ISS’s orbit means it’s constantly moving in and out of range. For example, if you’re trying to communicate via an overpass at the horizon, the satellite will be very low and its signal strength weaker. Conversely, during the overhead portion of the pass, the signal is typically stronger.

Tracking software or apps will show you exactly when the next pass will occur in your location, including the duration and the satellite’s maximum elevation angle. This means you can plan to be ready with your equipment at the right time to catch the best part of the pass.

Additionally, understanding the Doppler shift effect is crucial. As the ISS approaches, its frequency will be slightly higher than the nominal frequency due to the Doppler effect, and as it moves away, the frequency will shift lower. If you’re using a manual system, you’ll need to adjust your frequency settings in real time as the satellite moves. Many modern radios and tracking software can handle this automatically, but it’s something to be aware of if you’re manually tuning in.

5. Other Considerations

While these four components—transceiver, antenna, tracking software, and pass understanding—are the core requirements for communicating with the ISS, there are a few other things to keep in mind:

A stable power supply: Since satellite communication requires a lot of focus and can sometimes take several attempts, ensuring your equipment has a reliable power source is crucial. Consider using a battery backup or a reliable generator if you’re setting up in a remote area.
A quiet environment: Satellite communication can be affected by interference, so a quiet radio environment is essential. Avoid operating near strong RF interference sources like power lines or large electrical equipment.

By carefully preparing these elements, you’ll be well on your way to making contact with the ISS and taking part in one of the most exciting facets of amateur radio. With the right equipment and knowledge, you’ll soon be able to join the ranks of amateur radio operators communicating with the International Space Station!

When the ISS is within range, you can attempt a communication session using a simple “CQ” (calling for any contact) or by listening to the astronauts as they periodically transmit their voice for public Q&A. Make sure to respect the ISS’s frequency allocations and be mindful of the rules for operating in such a unique environment.

Satellites: Exploring Beyond the ISS

While the ISS serves as an exciting gateway for amateur radio enthusiasts to explore satellite communication, it is just the tip of the iceberg. Beyond the ISS, there is a whole universe of satellites to discover. Known as “AMSATs” (Amateur Radio Satellites), these satellites provide a wealth of opportunities for communication with fellow amateur radio operators across the globe. These satellites are often in Low Earth Orbit (LEO), meaning they orbit the Earth at altitudes between 200 and 2,000 kilometers, and they offer unique capabilities for both voice and data communication.

AMSATs operate on a variety of frequencies and modes, providing options for operators of all levels to engage in satellite communication. Some satellites are designed specifically for voice communication, while others are set up for digital modes, and many support a combination of both. These satellites can be used for everything from simple voice QSOs (contacts) to more complex digital modes and data transmissions.

For those new to satellite communication, AMSATs offer an accessible way to extend your range and reach new parts of the world without the need for long-distance ground-based communication systems. Here’s a closer look at some notable AMSATs and how you can access them.

Notable AMSATs You Can Access

AO-91 (RadFxSat-2) AO-91 is a popular amateur radio satellite operating in LEO and is part of the RadFxSat mission. Launched by AMSAT, this satellite is designed to offer both FM voice and digital communications. It’s an excellent choice for newcomers to satellite communication due to its simple, user-friendly FM voice repeater, which is perfect for making voice contacts with fellow ham operators. AO-91 also supports digital communication modes such as BPSK31, a mode widely used for low-data-rate digital transmissions.The satellite has an uplink frequency of 145.880 MHz and a downlink frequency of 435.150 MHz, both of which are common in the amateur satellite community. Its orbit provides a great opportunity for operators to connect during relatively short passes across the sky, making it an excellent tool for practicing satellite communications.
AO-92 (RadFxSat-1) AO-92, also known as RadFxSat-1, is another AMSAT in LEO that provides both voice and digital communications. Much like AO-91, AO-92 is designed to facilitate communication using FM voice repeater capabilities, making it ideal for new satellite operators. In addition to voice communication, AO-92 supports digital modes, including PSK31, which is a popular digital mode for text-based communication over radio.AO-92’s operating frequencies are very similar to those of AO-91, with an uplink frequency of 145.880 MHz and a downlink frequency of 435.350 MHz. The satellite’s regular passes provide reliable opportunities for operators to make contact, and its clear voice capabilities make it a favorite among satellite enthusiasts.
SO-50 (Saudi-OSCAR 50) SO-50 is another LEO satellite that has been in service for years. It is an FM voice repeater satellite, making it an excellent choice for operators who want to make simple voice contacts. The SO-50 satellite has an uplink frequency of 145.850 MHz and a downlink frequency of 436.795 MHz. Although it’s older than some of the other satellites, it remains a reliable choice for operators due to its easy-to-use FM voice repeater and its regular passes over North America and other regions.
FO-29 (Fuji-OSCAR 29) FO-29 is a unique satellite because it supports both analog FM voice communication and SSB (single-sideband) operations, allowing for longer-range, high-quality communication. This satellite is particularly useful for operators who want to experiment with different modes of communication. FO-29’s downlink frequency is 435.795 MHz, and its uplink frequency is 145.850 MHz. While it operates in a higher frequency range than the simpler FM repeaters, it’s a valuable satellite for more advanced operators looking to broaden their skill set.

How to Communicate with AMSATs

Like the ISS, most AMSATs are in Low Earth Orbit, which means they move quickly across the sky and are only in range for a few minutes at a time. To successfully communicate with these satellites, operators need to carefully track their position in real-time and adjust their antennas accordingly to maintain contact as the satellite passes overhead.

Tracking AMSATs

Tracking the position of AMSATs is similar to tracking the ISS, but it requires more frequent adjustments because most AMSATs have shorter passes and may appear and disappear quickly. To do this effectively, you’ll need tracking software or apps, such as Heavens-Above, N2YO, or SatPC32, which can provide precise data about when an AMSAT will pass over your location and where to point your antenna.

These tools offer detailed information about each satellite’s pass, including the elevation (how high in the sky it will appear), azimuth (the compass direction from which the satellite will come), and duration of the pass. Many amateur radio operators use automated antenna tracking systems that can adjust the antenna’s position based on satellite location data, but if you’re manually tracking, you’ll need to be prepared to rotate your antenna during the pass.

Antennas for AMSAT Communication

For satellite communication, a high-gain, directional antenna is essential. Common options for AMSAT communication include Yagi antennas and the Arrow 2m/70cm handheld antenna. These antennas are designed to provide a narrow, focused beam that can be directed toward the passing satellite. Due to the rapid movement of these satellites, operators must continuously adjust their antenna’s direction to keep the signal strong and clear.

Short Passes and Doppler Shift

One of the challenges of communicating with AMSATs is the Doppler effect, which causes the frequency of the satellite signal to shift as it moves relative to your position on Earth. As the satellite approaches, the frequency will be slightly higher than the nominal frequency; as it moves away, the frequency will be slightly lower. This shift can cause issues if you don’t adjust your frequency settings in real-time. Fortunately, most modern radios are equipped to compensate for Doppler shift automatically, but it’s important to be aware of this phenomenon when using older equipment or if you’re manually tuning.

Operating on Satellites

While it’s thrilling to make contacts with satellites, communication on these frequencies requires the same etiquette and consideration as traditional amateur radio operations. Keep your transmissions brief, especially during peak usage times when multiple operators may be trying to access the same satellite. Be patient, listen for your turn, and always be respectful of others on the air.

Conclusion: The Expanding World of AMSATs

Satellite communication in amateur radio is an exciting and expanding frontier, and AMSATs offer an incredible opportunity to communicate with fellow ham operators all over the world. While the ISS is a great starting point, AMSATs like AO-91, AO-92, SO-50, and FO-29 open up even more possibilities, allowing you to explore different modes, frequencies, and communication techniques.

With the right equipment, tracking software, and a little practice, you’ll be able to enjoy the thrill of satellite communication, expanding your reach and exploring new ways to connect with the amateur radio community.

D. Bryan King

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New RAMBO Attack Uses RAM Radio Signals to Steal Data from Air-Gapped Networks

A side-channel attack has been found to leverage radio signals emanated by a device's random access memory (RAM) as a data exfiltration mechanism, posing a threat to air-gapped networks.

"Using software-generated radio signals, malware can encode sensitive information"

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Fast radio bursts erupt in the sky around 10,000 times a day, but scientists still struggle to explain them. New research could put astronomers one step closer to a solution, Live Science reports:
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Immensely powerful 'magnetar' is emitting wobbly radio signals in our galaxy — and scientists can't explain them | Live Science
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The technology being pioneered uses Weak Signal Propagation Reporter, known as #WSPR, an open source computer programme recording the location of weak #RadioSignals between amateur #RadioOperators. Tiny changes in these signals could have been caused by #AirDisruption from #aeroplanes. #MH370Mystery

#MH370 breakthrough as ‘new tech pinpoints where missing plane lies on seabed’
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Hacking radios and WiFi #wifihacking #radiohacking #radiosignals #radiofrequencies

Mysterious, powerful radio blasts coming from ‘blob’ in space, scientists say
https://www.msn.com/en-gb/news/world/mysterious-powerful-radio-blasts-coming-from-blob-in-space-scientists-say/ar-AA1mHX8s?cvid=342a666d7d5541e0fbf88bbe143e653a&ocid=winp2fptaskbarhover&ei=9

#RadioSignals
#Blob
#FastRadioBursts
#FRBs

A #study from Tel Aviv University has predicted for the first time the #groundbreakingresults that can be obtained from a #lunar-based detection of #radiowaves.

The study's findings show that the measured #radiosignals can be used for a #noveltest of the #standardcosmologicalmodel to determine the composition of the #universe as well as the weight of #neutrinoparticles and possibly help #scientists gain another clue to the mystery of #darkmatter.

https://phys.org/news/2023-12-history-contents-universe-radio-telescopes.html?utm_source=nwletter&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=daily-nwletter

#Radiosignals unveil secrets of #massivegalaxies

https://phys.org/news/2023-12-radio-unveil-secrets-massive-galaxies.html?utm_source=nwletter&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=daily-nwletter

Radio signals 9 billion light years away help unravel mysteries of the early Universe | The Independent
#RadioSignals
#EarlyUniverse
https://www.independent.co.uk/space/radio-signals-9-billion-light-years-b2268029.html

To help promote #hamradio at the amateurradio infobooth at #fosdem.: #qrss look at the bottom line of the display: FSK #morse
Probably the most visual way to demonstrate what #radiosignals look like to a non-technical audience. @hamradio

Learn more about the Wow! signal, one of humanity's most enduring mysteries.

• https://www.seti.org/1st-coordinated-green-bank-telescopeallen-telescope-array-observes-possible-source-wow-signal

• https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2022RNAAS...6..197P/abstract

• https://seti.berkeley.edu/wow/

• https://arxiv.org/abs/2011.06090

• https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wow!_signal

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#Space #Astrodon #Astronomy #Science #WowSignal #RadioSignals #Extraterrestrial #ET #Aliens #Speculations

The Wow! signal was a strong radio signal detected by the Big Ear radio telescope in 1977 that some people believe may have been transmitted by extraterrestrial intelligence. However, the signal has not been detected again and the source of the signal remains unknown.

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#SpaceMastodon #Spacedon #Space #AstronomyMastodon #Astrodon #Astronomy #ScienceMastodon #Sciencedon #Science #WowSignal #RadioSignals #Extraterrestrial #ET #Aliens #Speculations

Let’s look back at one of the most mysterious moments in the search for extraterrestrial intelligence: the Wow! signal.

Could the Wow! Signal be evidence of an alien missed connection? It is possible that humanity's first contact with extraterrestrial beings occurred in 1977, but it is also possible that this is not the case. The truth may never be known with certainty.

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#Space #Astrodon #Astronomy #Science #WowSignal #RadioSignals #Extraterrestrial #ET #Aliens #Speculations