Lmst

#numericmodeling

Satellite Data Study Pinpoints Areas Sinking And Rising Along California Coast
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https://phys.org/news/2025-02-satellite-areas-california-coast.html <-- shared technical article
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https://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.ads8163 <-- shared paper
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#GIS #spatial #mapping #sealevel #sealevelrise #subsidence #model #modeling #SLR #coast #coastline #verticallandmotion #VLM #California #climatechange #planning #policy #remotesensing #groundwater #pumping #risk #hazard #infrastructure #damage #wastewater #injection #tidegauge #dynamic #spatialanalysis #spatiotemporal #numericmodeling #uplift #projections #flood #flooding #mitigation #satellite #ocean #marine
@nasa

photo - Pfeiffer Beach at Big Sur, California, USA

maps - Vertical Land Motion (VLM) with uncertainties, California

maps & charts - Variable VLM along the California coasts, with hot spots

maps & charts - Local versus regional VLM projections in 2050, California

Himalayas Formation May Have Destroyed At Least 30% Of Continental Crust In Collision Zone
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https://phys.org/news/2024-11-himalayas-formation-destroyed-continental-crust.html <-- shared technical article
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https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2024.119070 <-- shared paper
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#geology #structuralgeology #model #modeling #numericmodeling #geochemistry #mountainbuilding #orogeny #Himalayas #continentalcrust #platetectonics #continents #EuropeanAlps #ZagrosMountains #mantle #subsumed #deformation #erosion #thickening #extrusion #massbalance #calculations #delamination #topography #lithosphere

photo - view up a Himalayan valley to distance, snow-covered mountain peaks

cross sections - conceptual illustration of four possible mechanisms to recycle continental crust material into the mantle during continent-continent collisions

schematic cross-sections - Conceptual cross-sections and plan views showing the horizontal shortening of continental crust

maps and cross sections - Mountain ranges of the (A) Himalaya-Tibetan Plateau, (B) Alps and (C) Zagros, from Natural Earth's physical vectors.

Most Detailed Study Yet Of Seismic Activity Links Fault Strength To Likelihood Of Large Earthquakes
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https://phys.org/news/2024-09-seismic-links-fault-strength-likelihood.html <-- shared technical article
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https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-024-49422-7 <-- shared paper
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[seems intuitive, but nice to see some data/analysis]
#GIS #spatial #mapping #monitoring #observations #network #seismicstations #earthquake #faults #faulting #Pacific #RingOfFire #Japan #geology #structuralgeology #risk #hazard #prediction #seismic #activity #seismology #strength #bvalue #model #modeling #numericmodeling #stress

maps - Researchers from Kyushu University deployed 1,000 seismic stations in the area around the epicenter of the 2000 Western Tottori Earthquake, allowing seismic observations of unprecedented accuracy.

graphic / block schematics - When the earth's crust contains many weak faults in random orientations, large earthquakes are unlikely to occur. However, when the earth's crust contains many strong faults that are oriented in characteristic direction, there is a higher likelihood that a large earthquake could occur.

maps - Dense seismic observation and detected events

photo - on the approach to Wajima, fallen boulders partially blocked roads

Earthquake Fault Friction’s Dependence On Temperature Different From Previously Thought
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https://today.usc.edu/earthquake-fault-frictions-dependence-on-temperature-different-from-previously-thought/ <-- shared technical article
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https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2405111121 <-- shared paper
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#model #modeling #earthquake #fault #faulting #numericmodeling #rock #friction #temperature #mechanics #stress #stressrelief #geology #structuralgeology #experiment #experimentation #brittle #ductile #deform #degrade #fracturing #thermal #predictive #prediction

photo - surface expression of a fault in hard rock, desert

Scientists Uncover Hidden Forces Causing Continents To Rise
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https://www.southampton.ac.uk/news/2024/08/scientists-uncover-hidden-forces-causing-continents-to-rise.page <-- shared technical article
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https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-07717-1 <-- shared paper
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https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-023-06193-3 <-- shared related, previous paper
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#geology #model #modeling #structuralgeology #uplift #escarpments #Africa #Brazil #tectonics #tectonicplates #plateaus #GreatEscarpment #SouthAfrica #continents #rifts #plateboundaries #mantle #upwelling #geomorphology #cratons #uplift #geostatistics #statistics #spatiotemporal #spatialanalysis #numericmodeling #computermodeling

cross sections - Simplified conceptual model of rifting, escarpment formation and exhumation of craton interiors

maps and charts - Location and physical characteristics of great escarpments.

cross sections - Geodynamic models of rift evolution

Satellite image of the Great Escarpment in southern Africa from the Sentinel Hub Earth Observation Browser. Taken using the Sentinel-2 L1C dataset, in May 2020

A Robust Quantitative Method to Distinguish Runoff-Generated Debris Flows From Floods
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https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GL109768 <-- shared paper
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#GIS #spatial #mapping #model #modeling #spatialanalysis #numericmodeling #risk #hazard #engineeringgeology #debrisflow #hydrology #water #channel #extremeweather #flood #flooding #discharge #rainfall #hazardmodel #mitigation #wildfire #runoff #quantitive

figures/charts - Measurements of discharge and assessment of the accuracy of Q*

figures/charts - Effect of assumptions and parameter uncertainty on the accuracy of Q*

photo - geologists investigating a debris flow in a channel in steep, rocky, forested terrain

annotated photos/schematic - Overview of methods to estimate Q*

Moving Mountains - Reevaluating The Elevations Of Colorado Mountain Summits Using Modern Geodetic Techniques
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https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-024-01831-8 <-- shared paper
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#GIS #spatial #mapping #NAVD88 #NAPGD2022 #Fourteeners #Colorado #elevation #3dep #geoid #mountains #mountain #orthometric #gnss #model #modeling #3dmodeling #numericmodeling #geostatistics #LiDAR #ellipsoidal #gravity #geopotential
@USGS @ngs

photo - Uncompahgre Peak, San Juan Mountains, Colorado

map - Distribution of Fourteeners throughout Colorado

maps - Estimated difference between NAPGD2022 and NAVD 88, CONUS, USA

map - Terrestrial gravity distribution in Colorado used in the geoid modeling.

Researchers Find The Link Between Human Activity And Shifting Weather Patterns In Western North America
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https://phys.org/news/2024-04-link-human-shifting-weather-patterns.html <-- shared technical article
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https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-024-00608-2 <-- shared paper
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#GIS #spatial #mapping #spatialanalysis #model #modeling #climatechange #climate #weather #extremeweather #humanactivity #humanimpact #weatherpatterns #NorthAmerica #USWest #USA #drought #flood #watersecurity #naturalhazards #disasters #global #weathersystems #remotesensing #earthobservation #teleconnection #CommunityEarthSystem #numericmodeling #spatiotemporal

maps with model - Schematic representation illustrating the relationship between the movement of the Asia-Pacific jet core and the increase in upper-level geopotential height

maps and charts - Variation of the ZE200 during the northern winter (DJF) season and comparison with the corresponding correlation between PNA and NAWD.

graphic / art - extreme weather, drought and flood

graphic / schematic - This study explores the impact of human-induced climate change on Northern Hemisphere winter weather, highlighting the dominant role of specific teleconnection patterns and the influence of greenhouse gas emissions.

The Moon Has A Curious Effect On The Sounds Emanating From Coral Reefs
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https://www.sciencealert.com/the-moon-has-a-curious-effect-on-the-sounds-emanating-from-coral-reefs <-- shared technical article
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https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0299916 <-- shared paper
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#GIS #spatial #mapping #coralreef #astrobiology #moon #lunar #lunarcycles #fish #noise #vocalisations #oceangraphy #ecosystem #activity #soundscape #pulsetrains #moonlight #hydrophones #sonic #monitoring #model #modeling #numericmodeling #Hawaii #acoustics #reefhealth #ecosystemhealth #spatiotemporal #spatialanalysis

maps - survey locations, Hawaii

photo - cuttlefish at night

charts - changes in ambient noise during moonlight hours

charts / sonagraphs - high frequency pulse trains from fish

How Melting Arctic Ice Leads To European Drought And Heatwaves
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https://insideclimatenews.org/news/01032024/links-between-melting-arctic-ice-and-summertime-extreme-weather-in-europe/ <-- shared technical article
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https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-5-109-2024 <-- shared paper
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#GIS #spatial #mapping #spatialanalysis #spatiotemporal #arctic #climate #climatechange #europe #ice #meltingice #drought #heatwaves #Greenland #northatlantic #model #modeling #numericmodeling #interaction #inflow #freshwater #weather #research #water #hydrology #marine #oceangraphy #climatology #extremeweather

graphic - maps - climate and oceanic interactions - North Atlantic

maps - The Combined Drought Indicator—used to identify areas affected by agricultural drought, and areas with the potential to be affected—estimated for the first 10 days of each month from April to September 2022. Credit: European Commission, Joint Research Centre

photo - The Wamme river is seen at a low level during the European heatwave on Aug 10, 2022 in Rochefort, Belgium

maps - Climatological mean (a) SST, (d) meridional winds at 700 hPa, (g) 2 m air temperature, and (j) precipitation minus evaporation in summer (May through to August). Regressions of (b, c) the SST (colour shading) and 700 hPa winds (arrows), (e, f) the meridional winds at 700 hPa, (h, i) the 2 m air temperature, and (k, l) the accumulated precipitation minus evaporation on FE in (b, e, g, k) the first and (c, f, h, l) the second summer (May through to August) after the freshwater anomalies (indicated by the “+1” and “+2” in the titles). We removed large-scale trends from the air temperature to reduce the direct warming effect of greenhouse gases (Sect. 2), and we excluded the anomaly in 2016 since it exhibited a different spatial SST distribution from the other anomalies (Fig. A1). Thick contours encompass regions that are significant at the 95 % confidence level, and the red and blue dotted lines in (b) and (c) delineate the regions in which the SST anomalies exceed 2 ∘C and fall below −2 ∘C.

Study Shows Glacier Shrinkage Is Causing A 'Green Transition'
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https://phys.org/news/2024-03-glacier-shrinkage-green-transition.html <-- shared technical article
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https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-024-01393-6 <-- shared paper
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#GIS #spatial #mapping #spatialanalysis #glacier #glacial #global #hydrogy #water #glacierfed #streams #VanishingGlaciers #climatechange #ecosystems #aquatic #microbial #life #mountainstreams #glaciershrinkage #globalwarming #sampling #habitat #meltwater #microbiome #microbiology #algae #microorganisms #carboncycle #nutrients #nutrientcycle #cryosphere #cryospheric #stoichiometry #model #modeling #numericmodeling #autotrophy

maps and charts - Geography and physico-chemical characteristics of the glacier-fed streams sampled by the Vanishing Glaciers project

photo - Fox Glacier, New Zealand

charts - CUEs and TERs of glacier-fed streams across the world’s major mountain ranges.

photo - Vanishing Glaciers research team, Uganda

Stochastic Soaring Raptor Simulator (SSRS)
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https://github.com/NREL/SSRS <-- shared GitHub repository
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https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2022.109876 <-- shared paper
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#GIS #spatial #mapping #remotesensing #birds #eagles #soaring #raptors #windenergy #windturbines #model #modeling #numericmodeling #elevation #opendata #3dep #stochasticmodel #impacts #raptorstrike #3d #orographic #spatialanalysis #spatiotemporal #elevation #DEM #wind #weather #climate #SSRS #updraft #USWTDB #USGS #NREL #terrain #altitude #slope #aspect

figure - maps and charts - Overview of the proposed agent-based movement model based on the Overview, Design, Details (ODD) framework by Grimm et al. (2020).

figure - maps and charts - (a) Location of the 50-km by 50-km study area within Wyoming and its terrain elevation above mean sea level, (b) Wind rose for wind conditions (averaged over the study area) observed during the daytime at 80-m altitude using mesoscale atmospheric data for 2017 and 2018.

figure - map and chart - (a) Telemetry data for years 2019 and 2020 where the altitude AGL ranges between 50 m --> 500 m and the time between subsequent GPS entries 10 seconds, (b) Percentage of telemetry data for different regimes of altitude AGL across the four seasons.

photo - eagle soaring near wind turbine pylon

Future Changes In Global Atmospheric Rivers Projected By CMIP6 Models
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https://doi.org/10.1029/2023JD039359 <-- shared paper
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#GIS #spatial #mapping #atmosphericriver #risk #hazard #3dmodeling #spatialanalysis #spatiotemporal #climate #climatechange #extreme #model #modeling #numericmodeling #precipitation #rain #rainfall #global #atmosphere #CMIP6 #climatology #temperature #surfacetemperature #heavyrain #hydrology #water #hydrological #hydrologicalcycle #globalwarming #thermaleffects #naturalhazard #naturaldisaster #disaster

graphic - stylised schematic - atmospheric river from space

maps and charts - (a) Atmospheric river (AR) characteristics, including duration, interval, area, and intensity during the DJF globally. The central plot displays the increase in AR frequency between the far-future (SSP585; 2070–2099) and the historical (1980–2009) periods, with the climatological AR frequency in the historical period represented by the contours. Black dots indicate unanimous frequency changes among CMIP6 models. The red rectangles are the boundaries of the target regions and the black hatches are the selected land regions. The surrounding plots show 2D Kernel Density Estimation (KDE) maps for AR characteristics over the historical period and far-future under different scenarios displayed in the bottom right corner for eight regions. The univariate distributions of the characteristics are shown on the outer axes of each subplot. (b) The comparison of the KDE maps for three selected regions with ARs detected with GuanWaliser_v2 and Mundhenk_v3 AR detection tools (ARDTs). Note that only the SSP585 scenario is available for the far-future period in these two data sets. The legend is the same as in Panel (a). Note that the figures of PanLu ARDT are presented based on daily scale data sets, while the figures of GuanWaliser_v2 and Mundhenk_v3 ARDTs are presented on 6-hourly scale data sets due to data accessibility.

graphic - what is the science behind atmospheric rivers

maps and charts - Projected increase in panel (a) atmospheric river (AR) frequency and (b) AR-induced precipitation for DJF and JJA in Northern Hemisphere and Southern Hemisphere under the SSP585 scenarios. The shading represents the differences between the far-future (2070–2099) and historical (1980–2009) periods, with contours delineating the historical climatology. ARs detected with the PanLu, GuanWaliser_v2 and Mundhenk_v3 method are all shown. Note that the figures of PanLu ARDT are presented based on daily scale data sets, while the figures of GuanWaliser_v2 and Mundhenk_v3 ARDTs are presented on 6-hourly scale data sets due to data accessibility.

Box Tomography - First Application To The Imaging Of Upper-Mantle Shear Velocity And Radial Anisotropy Structure Beneath The North American Continent
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https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggy078 <-- shared paper
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#GIS #spatial #mapping #USA #NorthAmerica #geology #structuralgeology #EarthScope #EarthScopeTranspotableArray #array #remotesensing #monitoring #CONUS #seismology #seismicvelocity #tomography #model #modeling #numericmodeling #mantle #crust #subsurface #geophysics #lithosphere #asthenosphere #teleseismic #wavefield #BoxTomography #computing #archean #continent #cratonic #cratons #LVZ #3d #spatialanalysis

maps / model results - Comparison between a global scale and a regional (Box) scale numerical wave propagation simulation following an earthquake in south America.

map / cross sections - Depth cross-sections for VS from 50 to 400 km deep.

geologic map - North America - Large-scale Precambrian architecture of North America (modified from Whitmeyer & Karlstrom (2007). Colours indicate ages of different regions, as shown in the legend.

photo - a EarthScope Transpotable Array station in Florida

Progress In High-Resolution Vegetation Mapping - China's Leap Toward Advanced Environmental Monitoring [remotesensing]
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https://phys.org/news/2024-01-high-resolution-vegetation-china-advanced.html <-- shared technical article
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https://doi.org/10.34133/remotesensing.0101 <-- shared paper
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#GIS #spatial #mapping #remotesensing #imagery #China #FractionalVegetationCover #FVC #NormalizedDifferenceVegetationIndex #NDVI #automation #model #modeling #numericmodeling #vegetation #agriculture #crops #Landsat #DEMs #spatialanalysis #spatiotemporal #vegetationindex #regional #multiangle #vegetationcover #environmental #environmentalmonitoring #monitoring #farming #crops #croplands #climatechange

(A to D) The maps of R² and RMSD between the MultiVI FVC, GLASS FVC, and GEOV3 FVC in 2015.

The 30-m land cover map of China. The solid brown circle represents the Huailai site. The solid pink circle indicates the Saihanba site. The solid red circles symbolize the 151 plots of the Chinese soil and water conservation monitoring stations in 22 small watersheds. The solid green circles depict the BELMANIP2 sites. The Chinese ecological and geographical zones are numbered using Roman numerals.

Flowchart of 30-m/15-day FVC production and validation.

aerial Landsat imagery - Huailai area, China

Scientists Uncover Link Between Ocean Weather And Global Climate, Using Mechanical Rather Than Statistical Analysis
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https://phys.org/news/2023-12-scientists-uncover-link-ocean-weather.html <-- shared technical article
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https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adi7420 <-- shared paper
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#GIS #spatial #mapping #remotesensing #model #modeling #global #model #modeling #numericmodeling #ocean #weather #oceanweather #globalclimate #climatechange #atmosphere #mathematicalmodeling #energytransfer #climatemodel #satellite #earthobservation

photo - polar bear dipping a paw into water off an ice floe

graphic - global - This illustration by Benjamin Storer shows oceanic weather systems (mesoscale eddies) from data overlaid with atmospherically driven climate-scale currents (black lines), which can be extracted with a coarse graining technique developed in the lab of Hussein Aluie. The image reveals how these ocean weather systems are energized (red) or weakened (blue) when interacting with climate-scales, which follows a pattern mirroring the global atmospheric circulation.

graphic - temperature range over globe image, with 2023's labelled

Surface maps of Π𝓁.

Private Timberland From Washington To California Lost Billions In Value Due To Wildfires
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https://phys.org/news/2023-12-private-timberland-washington-california-lost.html <-- shared technical article
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https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jeem.2023.102894 <--shared paper
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#GIS #spatial #mapping #Oregon #OR #California #CA #Washington #WA #pacificnorthwest #pnw #wildfire #fires #extremeweather #winds #drought #climatechange #model #modeling #numericmodeling #economy #economics #economicinsights #economicsecurity #parcels #spatialanalysis #spatiotemporal #forest #forestry #perception #damage #risk #hazard #timberland #forestlands #value #pacificstates #riskexpectation

graph over time - Annual acreage burned across private timberland, public forestland and other land uses

maps with choropleths - private timberland and average annual VPD in the study area, PNW

maps - Spatial distribution of large wildfires that have occurred in the past and current period

photo - drone - portion of a wildfire in PNW at night

Scientists Combine Climate Models For More Accurate Projections
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https://phys.org/news/2023-11-scientists-combine-climate-accurate.html <-- shared technical article
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https://www.nature.com/articles/s43247-023-01009-8 <-- shared paper
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This new method provides a framework for how to best understand a collection of climate models. The model weights included in this research informed the Fifth National Climate Assessment, a report released on Nov. 14 that gauges the impacts of climate change in the United States. This project also supports the Earth System Grid Federation, an international collaboration led in the U.S. by DOE that manages and provides access to climate models and observed data…”
#GIS #spatial #mapping #climatechange #spatialanalysis #spatiotemporal #model #modeling #numericmodeling #global #statistics #weighting #bayesian #modelaverging #climatesensivity #climatemodels #projection #ECS #earthsystem #ORNL

graphs - analysis results - relations between model weight, independence and ECS scores

graphs - analysis results - model weighting using ECS as the main fitting target

graphs - analysis results - future projections of global surface temperatures based on ECS

graphic - earth with climate model graphs overlain

Volcaniclastic Density Currents Explain Widespread And Diverse Seafloor Impacts Of The 2022 Hunga Volcano Eruption
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https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-43607-2 <-- shared paper
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#GIS #spatial #mapping #marine #seafloor #bathymetry #topobathy #volcanic #volcano #vulcanism #Volcaniclastic #DensityCurrents #impacts #survey #model #modeling #numericmodeling #remotesensing #HungaVolcano #HungaTonga #HungaHaapai #engineeringgeology #survey #coring #eruption #undersea #underseacables #telecommunications #caldera #seafloorcables #cables #ecosystem #risk #hazard #sediments #ecosystemrecovery #GEBCO #LINZ

maps & figures - pre- and post-eruption bathymetry

aerial photo - Hunga Volcano/Caldera erupting, Tonga

maps and figures - Relation of density current flow paths to impact on the seafloor including the telecommunications cables, sediment system and invertebrate communities

maps and figures - Seafloor difference map and density current modelling snapshots

GraphCast - AI Model For Faster And More Accurate Global Weather Forecasting [Google]
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https://deepmind.google/discover/blog/graphcast-ai-model-for-faster-and-more-accurate-global-weather-forecasting/ <-- shared technical article
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https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adi2336 <-- shared paper
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#GIS #spatial #mapping #GraphCast #Google #GoogleDeepMind #weather #weatherforecast #weatherforecasting #extremeweather #model #modeling #numericmodeling #risk #hazard #global #climatechange #AI #artificalintelligence #spatialanalysis #spatiotemporal #cyclones #hurricanes #atmosphericriver #flood #floodrisk #flooding #precipitation #rainfall #heatwave #extremeheat #extremetemperatures #weatherprediction #opensource #humanimpacts #security
@Google @GoogleDeepMind

graphic - charts - severe event predictions

photo - hurricane at lighthouse with waves encompassing

graphic - charts - Global skill and skill scores for GraphCast and HRES in 2018

graphic - model schematic

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